arXiv:2605.08454cs.LGcs.AI2026-05

用时间平移对称性约束,让模型更准地从离散数据恢复连续动态。

Recovering Physical Dynamics from Discrete Observations via Intrinsic Differential Consistency

论文配图:Recovering Physical Dynamics from Discrete Observations via Intrinsic Differential Consistency
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用流的半群性质作为全局约束,替代传统局部导数监督。
  • 在扩散反应任务上,误差降低87%,函数求值次数减少5倍。
  • 自适应步长基于几何复杂度分配计算量,适合长期预测场景。

从离散观测中恢复连续时间动力学极具挑战,因局部监督(如点对点回归目标、导数近似或方程残差)在观测间隔增大时会丧失精度。本文提出以全局结构约束取代局部监督:任何表示自主动力学的流都必须满足时间平移下的半群性质。训练一个时间条件的割线速度场,其偏离该性质的程度称为对称性破裂,兼具双重作用:作为训练正则项,将假设空间限制在跨时间尺度一致的流中;作为推理依据,使求解器选择最大保持内部一致性的步长,替代传统自适应求解器依赖的局部截断误差。在时间感知推理的扩散-反应基准上,本方法将滚动预测均方根误差降低87%,同时函数求值次数仅为神经微分方程基线的五分之一。在更具挑战性的直接自回归设置中,模型需在无中间时间线索的情况下预测远期帧,本方法根据局部几何复杂度分配计算资源,在三个偏微分方程基准中的两个上保持最低滚动误差,而基线模型要么发散,要么需多一个数量级的函数求值才能稳定。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Recovering continuous-time dynamics from discrete observations is difficult because local supervision (e.g., pointwise regression targets, derivative approximations, or equation residuals) loses fidelity as the observation interval grows. We replace local supervision with a global structural constraint: any flow representing autonomous dynamics must satisfy the semi-group property under time translation. We train a time-conditioned secant velocity field whose deviation from this property, which we call Symmetry Rupture, serves two purposes. As a training regularizer, it confines the hypothesis space to flows that compose consistently across temporal scales. As an inference oracle, it lets the solver select the largest step size that preserves internal consistency, replacing the local truncation error that conventional adaptive solvers depend on. On the diffusion-reaction benchmark under time-informed inference, our method reduces rollout RMSE by 87\% while using 5x fewer function evaluations than a Neural ODE baseline. In the more demanding direct auto-regressive setting, where the model must predict distant future frames without intermediate temporal cues, our adaptive solver allocates compute based on local geometric complexity -- maintaining the lowest rollout RMSE on two of three PDE benchmarks while baselines either diverge or require up to an order of magnitude more function evaluations to remain stable.

动力系统微分方程自回归

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