arXiv:2605.08559math.FAcs.LG2026-05

从有限采样点重建保持凸性和光滑性的函数泛函,可精确实现于神经网络。

Structure-Preserving Reconstruction of Convex Lipschitz Functionals on Hilbert Spaces from Finite Samples

  • 基于有限线性测量构造凸且Lipschitz的显式重构公式
  • 在紧凸集上可实现任意均匀精度的重构,误差小于ε
  • 提出凸神经泛函(CNF),天然保证凸性与光滑性,适合学习型应用

凸泛函广泛存在于应用分析中,如价值函数、风险度量、超对冲价格及机器学习中的损失泛函。然而在许多场景下,仅能通过有限个精确的点值观测获得该泛函。本文研究:在可分希尔伯特空间上,是否可通过一个显式公式,以有限计算方式重建凸泛函,并保持其凸性与L-利普希茨连续性,且在任意给定精度ε下一致逼近?答案是肯定的。对于每个紧凸集C⊆H,每个L-利普希茨凸泛函ρ: C→ℝ,以及任意ε>0,本文构造出一个显式有限样本重构,该重构在C上一致ε-准确,且保持凸性与L-利普希茨性。该方法仅需有限个形如⟨b,·⟩_H的线性测量,其中b属于H的有限维子空间,且可由一个ReLU-MLP精确实现。进一步地,本文引入凸神经泛函(CNFs)——一种结构化可训练架构,包含上述重构,其所有参数配置均自动满足凸性与利普希茨性,为从有限数据学习凸泛函提供了严谨基础。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Convex functionals are ubiquitous in applied analysis, appearing as value functions, risk measures, super-hedging prices, and loss functionals in machine learning. In many applications, however, the functional is only observed through finitely many exact pointwise evaluations. We ask whether a convex functional on a separable Hilbert space $H$ can be reconstructed, up to arbitrary uniform accuracy, by an explicit formula which preserves convexity and Lipschitz regularity and is finitely computable. We answer this affirmatively. For every compact convex $C\subseteq H$, every $L$-Lipschitz convex functional $ρ:C\to\mathbb{R}$, and every $\varepsilon>0$, we construct an explicit finite-sample reconstruction which is convex, $L$-Lipschitz, and uniformly $\varepsilon$-accurate on $C$. The construction uses only finitely many linear measurements $\langle b,\cdot\rangle_H$, with $b$ lying in a finite-dimensional subspace of $H$, and is exactly implementable by a $\operatorname{ReLU}$-MLP. Building on this, we introduce convex neural functionals (CNFs), a structured trainable architecture class containing our reconstruction, whose every admissible parameter configuration is automatically convex and Lipschitz, providing a principled foundation for learning convex functionals from finite data.

泛函重建凸优化神经网络机器学习理论

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