arXiv:2605.08646cs.LGcs.CL2026-05被引 1

让云端和设备分工协作,既保护隐私又提升智能代理的准确率。

PAAC: Privacy-Aware Agentic Device-Cloud Collaboration

论文配图:PAAC: Privacy-Aware Agentic Device-Cloud Collaboration
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用角色分工实现隐私保护:云端处理符号化推理,设备负责识别敏感信息
  • 在严格隐私下准确率提升15%-36%,数据泄露减少2-6倍
  • 适合需要高隐私保障的金融、科学等复杂任务场景

大型语言模型智能体面临核心矛盾:云端代理具备强推理能力但暴露用户数据,本地代理保护隐私却能力受限。现有方案将设备-云边界视为计算划分,而非适配智能体任务的信任边界,且现有清洗工具在策略灵活性与工具调用结构保真间难以兼顾。本文提出PAAC,一种隐私感知的智能体协同框架,将规划-执行分解与设备-云边界对齐,使角色分工本身成为隐私机制。云端代理基于类型占位符进行推理,保留敏感值的推理角色但丢弃内容;本地代理识别敏感片段,并将每步执行结果提炼为紧凑关键发现。净化过程限制本地LLM仅提议屏蔽哪些片段,而确定性注册表完成所有替换与逆向操作,确保动作可在本地直接执行。在三个智能体基准测试中,严格隐私设置下PAAC显著优于现有基线,平均准确率提升15%-36%,平均泄露减少2-6倍,尤其在非固定实体分类的隐私目标上优势最大。在17个额外跨10个领域的基准(涵盖数学、科学、金融)中也保持一致改进。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large language model (LLM) agents face a structural tension: cloud agents provide strong reasoning but expose user data, while on-device agents preserve privacy at the cost of overall capability. Existing device-cloud designs treat this boundary as a compute split rather than a trust boundary suited to agentic workloads, and existing sanitizers force a choice between policy flexibility and the structural fidelity tool calls require. In this work, we develop PAAC, a privacy-aware agentic framework that aligns planner--executor decomposition with the device-cloud boundary so that role specialization itself becomes the privacy mechanism. The cloud agent reasons over typed placeholder tokens that preserve each sensitive value's reasoning role while discarding its content, while the on-device agent identifies sensitive spans and distills each step's execution outcome into compact key findings. Sanitization confines the on-device LLM to proposing which spans to mask, while a deterministic registry performs all substitution and reversal, keeping actions directly executable on device. On three agentic benchmarks under strict privacy settings, PAAC dominates the Pareto frontier of privacy and accuracy, improving average accuracy by 15-36\% and reducing average leakage by 2-6$\times$ over state-of-the-art device-cloud baselines, with the largest margins on privacy targets outside fixed entity taxonomies. We find consistent improvements on 17 additional benchmarks spanning 10 domains, including math, science, and finance.

隐私保护智能体设备-云协同

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