arXiv:2605.08732cs.ROcs.LG2026-05被引 4

用预训练潜空间的几何结构,把规划任务变成直接预测动作,速度提升百倍。

Latent Geometry Beyond Search: Amortizing Planning in World Models

论文配图:Latent Geometry Beyond Search: Amortizing Planning in World Models
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用潜空间逆动力学模型替代在线搜索,实现规划推理的代价分摊
  • 在4个基准环境上7/8场景超越或匹配CEM,单步决策成本降低100-130倍
  • 适合需要高效实时控制的机器人、强化学习应用

现代基于视觉的世界模型能将观测表示为紧凑而丰富的潜流形,但在此空间中实现快速目标导向规划仍具挑战性。本文研究一个核心问题:学习到的表示何时真正简化控制,而不仅仅是支持预测?我们以预训练的LeWorldModel为例,其潜空间几何经过平滑性和均匀性正则化。关键洞察是:在此几何条件下,规划可被分摊为一个潜逆动力学映射,无需在线搜索。因此,我们用轻量级的目标条件逆动力学模型(GC-IDM)替代迭代规划,直接从当前潜状态、目标潜状态和剩余时间步映射到下一步动作。实验显示,在涵盖导航、高接触力操作和连续控制的四个基准环境中,该控制器在八组环境-协议设置中七组达到或超过CEM表现,且每步决策开销降低100-130倍。对多种测试时规划器(CEM、MPPI、iCEM及基于梯度方法)的广泛测试表明该结果不依赖特定优化器。结果表明,测试时规划所捕捉的大部分结构其实已局部编码于潜表示中。更广义地,充分结构化的潜空间可将部分规划负担从在线优化转移至学习推理。代码已开源。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Modern vision-based world models can represent observations as compact yet expressive latent manifolds, but fast goal-oriented planning in these spaces remains challenging. This raises a central question: when does a learned representation simplify control, rather than merely enabling prediction? We study this question in a pretrained LeWorldModel, whose latent geometry is regularized for smoothness and uniformity. Our key insight is that, under such geometry, planning can be amortized into a latent inverse-dynamics mapping instead of requiring online search. We therefore replace iterative planning with a lightweight Goal-Conditioned Inverse Dynamics Model (GC-IDM) that maps the current latent state, goal latent state, and remaining horizon directly to the next action. Empirically, across four benchmark environments spanning navigation, contact-rich manipulation, and continuous control, our controller matches or exceeds CEM in seven of eight environment-protocol settings while reducing per-decision cost by 100-130x. A broader sweep over test-time planners (CEM, MPPI, iCEM, and gradient-based methods) shows that this result is not specific to a particular optimizer. These findings suggest that much of the structure recovered by test-time planning is already locally encoded in the latent representation. More broadly, our results indicate that sufficiently structured latent spaces can shift part of the planning burden from online optimization to learned inference. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/hdnndh/Latent-Geometry-Beyond-Search-Amortizing-Planning-in-World-Models .

世界模型潜空间规划加速机器人控制

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