arXiv:2605.08975cs.AI2026-05中稿 · on May 4, 2026

将推理式自动驾驶系统从多推理改为单推理,大幅降低延迟且不损失轨迹多样性。

Latency Analysis and Optimization of Alpamayo 1 via Efficient Trajectory Generation

论文配图:Latency Analysis and Optimization of Alpamayo 1 via Efficient Trajectory Generation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 改用单推理机制,避免重复计算,提升推理效率。
  • 通过优化扩散模型的执行过程,实现69.23%的延迟下降。
  • 适合关注推理式自动驾驶系统性能优化的研究者与工程师。

基于推理的端到端自动驾驶系统因其可生成人类可读的决策解释而备受关注,通常通过生成多个轨迹来捕捉未来行为的多样性。现有方法分为两类:多推理(每个轨迹对应一个推理序列)和单推理(所有轨迹共享同一推理)。前者虽多样性强但计算冗余,后者更高效但常被认为牺牲多样性。Alpamayo 1采用多推理设计,在轨迹预测上表现优异,但其效率尚未充分探索。本文通过两项优化改进该系统:首先,将多推理重构为单推理,在保持轨迹多样性前提下显著降低延迟;实验表明该替换未明显影响多样性。其次,通过消除扩散模型中不必要的数据复制和低效核函数调用,优化动作生成阶段的运行开销。闭环与开环实验验证了上述优化,最终实现69.23%的推理延迟降低,同时维持原有轨迹多样性和预测质量。结果表明,系统架构与运行时执行需协同优化,以提升推理式端到端自动驾驶系统的效率。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Reasoning-based end-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving has recently emerged as a promising approach to improving the interpretability of driving decisions as it can generate human-readable reasoning together with predicted trajectories. Such approaches commonly generate multiple trajectories to capture diverse future behaviors, and they fall into two categories: (1) multi-reasoning, where one reasoning sequence is generated per trajectory, and (2) single-reasoning, where a single reasoning is shared across all trajectories. The former offers richer diversity at the cost of redundant computation, while the latter is more efficient but is often assumed to sacrifice diversity. Alpamayo 1, a representative system, adopts the multi-reasoning approach and achieves competitive trajectory prediction performance. However, the efficiency of this design remains largely unexplored, making it a well-motivated subject for investigation. In this paper, we systematically analyze and improve Alpamayo 1 in two ways. First, we reduce inference latency while preserving trajectory diversity by redesigning Alpamayo 1 into a single-reasoning system. Through extensive experiments, we find that replacing multi-reasoning with single-reasoning does not meaningfully degrade trajectory diversity. Second, we accelerate diffusion-based action generation by eliminating inter-block overhead arising from unnecessary copy operations and inefficient kernel execution. Through closed-loop and open-loop experiments, we validate both optimizations, demonstrating a 69.23% reduction in inference latency while maintaining trajectory diversity and prediction quality. These results highlight the importance of jointly analyzing system architecture and runtime execution to improve the efficiency of reasoning-based E2E AD systems.

自动驾驶推理系统延迟优化

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