arXiv:2605.09033cs.CRcs.AI2026-05

提出新型图内存投毒攻击,让恶意关系骗过系统被提取和使用。

ShadowMerge: A Novel Poisoning Attack on Graph-Based Agent Memory via Relation-Channel Conflicts

论文配图:ShadowMerge: A Novel Poisoning Attack on Graph-Based Agent Memory via Relation-Channel Conflicts
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 利用关系通道冲突设计隐蔽投毒,使恶意关系伪装成正常数据
  • 在多个真实数据集上实现93.8%攻击成功率,远超现有方法
  • 适用于研究图内存安全的学者与系统开发者

基于图的代理记忆正被广泛用于大模型代理中,以支持结构化长期记忆和多跳推理,但这也带来了新的投毒攻击面:攻击者可注入伪造关系,使其在后续被检索并影响代理行为。现有攻击主要针对扁平文本记录,在图内存中因恶意关系难以被提取、合并或召回而失效。本文提出SHADOWMERGE,一种针对图内存的新型投毒攻击,其核心思想是利用关系通道冲突——即恶意关系与良性证据共享相同的查询激活锚点和规范化关系通道,但携带冲突值。为此,我们设计了AIR管道,将冲突转化为系统可正常提取、合并和召回的普通交互形式。我们在Mem0及三个公开真实数据集(PubMedQA、WebShop、ToolEmu)上评估,结果表明SHADOWMERGE平均攻击成功率高达93.8%,较最优基线提升50.3个百分点,且对无关良性任务影响极小。机制分析显示,该方法有效克服了现有攻击的三大瓶颈;防御分析表明,典型输入侧防御无法有效应对。我们已向相关厂商负责任披露,并开源了SHADOWMERGE。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Graph-based agent memory is increasingly used in LLM agents to support structured long-term recall and multi-hop reasoning, but it also creates a new poisoning surface: an attacker can inject a crafted relation into graph memory so that it is later retrieved and influences agent behavior. Existing agent-memory poisoning attacks mainly target flat textual records and are ineffective in graph-based memory because malicious relations often fail to be extracted, merged into the target anchor neighborhood, or retrieved for the victim query. We present SHADOWMERGE, a poisoning attack against graph-based agent memory that exploits relation-channel conflicts. Its key insight is that a poisoned relation can share the same query-activated anchor and canonicalized relation channel as benign evidence while carrying a conflicting value. To realize this, we design AIR, a pipeline that converts the conflict into an ordinary interaction that can be extracted, merged, and retrieved by the graph-memory system. We evaluate SHADOWMERGE on Mem0 and three public real-world datasets: PubMedQA, WebShop, and ToolEmu. SHADOWMERGE achieves 93.8% average attack success rate, improving the best baseline by 50.3 absolute points, while having negligible impact on unrelated benign tasks. Mechanism studies show that SHADOWMERGE overcomes the three key limitations of existing agent-memory poisoning attacks, and defense analysis shows that representative input-side defenses are insufficient to mitigate it. We have responsibly disclosed our findings to affected graph-memory vendors and open sourced SHADOWMERGE.

图神经网络投毒攻击安全

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