arXiv:2605.09038cs.AI2026-05

让大模型学会用搜索工具,通过可进化技能库生成高质量查询。

SearchSkill: Teaching LLMs to Use Search Tools with Evolving Skill Banks

论文配图:SearchSkill: Teaching LLMs to Use Search Tools with Evolving Skill Banks
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用可复用的技能卡显式规划搜索查询,分步执行。
  • 在知识密集型问答中提升准确率,减少重复查询和无效检索。
  • 适合需要高效检索的开放域问答场景,尤其对小预算任务有效。

教会语言模型使用搜索工具不仅关乎是否搜索,更在于能否提出优质查询。在开放域问答中,模糊或复制的查询会浪费检索资源并影响后续推理。我们提出 extsc{SearchSkill},通过可复用的搜索技能实现查询规划。模型每一步先选择一个技能卡,再基于该技能生成搜索或回答动作。技能库并非固定: extsc{SearchSkill} 能从反复失败模式中动态扩展或优化技能,并重构受影响的推理路径,在监督训练前完成修正。该两阶段微调方案与推理时的技能选择-技能驱动执行流程一致。在开源与闭源模型上, extsc{SearchSkill} 均提升了知识密集型问答的精确匹配率,改善了检索行为——包括减少复制首条查询、更多原子化跳转查询、在小搜索预算下获得更正确答案。结果表明,显式的技能条件查询规划是替代将搜索视为单一操作的轻量级方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Teaching language models to use search tools is not only a question of whether they search, but also of whether they issue good queries. This is especially important in open-domain question answering, where broad or copied queries often waste retrieval budget and derail later reasoning. We propose \Ours, a framework that makes query planning explicit through reusable search skills. At each step, the model first selects a skill, then generates a search or answer action conditioned on the selected skill card. The skill inventory itself is not fixed: SearchSkill maintains an evolving SkillBank, expands or refines it from recurrent failure patterns, and reconstructs affected trajectories before supervised training. The resulting two-stage SFT recipe aligns training with the inference-time protocol of skill selection followed by skill-grounded execution. Across open-source and closed-source models, SearchSkill improves exact match on knowledge-intensive QA benchmarks and yields better retrieval behavior, including fewer copied first queries, more atomic hop-focused queries, and more correct answers within a small search budget. These results suggest that explicit skill-conditioned query planning is a lightweight alternative to treating search as an undifferentiated action.

大模型搜索增强技能库问答系统

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