用空气质量传感器网络识别室内精细行为,兼顾隐私与低功耗。
PoHAR: Understanding Hyperlocal Human Activities with Pollution Sensor Networks

- 基于分布式传感器构建无冲突数据共享与分层聚类机制
- 在设备端实现97.41%室内活动、99.68%烹饪行为识别准确率
- 适合智能家居与健康监测场景,无需额外隐私风险
低成本空气质量传感器在日常生活中日益普及,公众对空气污染的关注推动了其在室内环境中的广泛应用。除了常规监测外,环境参数波动还可用于推断室内人员行为。与传统音视频、射频和惯性传感器相比,空气传感器易于家庭部署,具备隐私保护优势且成本更低。然而,受限于低算力、小内存和低功耗,这类分布式网络难以维持数据一致性,并难以精准识别受活动影响的传感器组以支持设备端推理。本文提出PoHAR框架,包含:(i) 无冲突复制数据原语实现数据共享;(ii) 基于自监督距离度量的分层聚类算法,由ESP32检测活动影响的传感器群组;(iii) 基于领导者机制的群体推理,结合现成机器学习分类器,实现协同超本地室内活动检测。大量实验表明,该系统可在设备端完成活动识别,使用现成模型达到97.41%的室内活动准确率和99.68%的烹饪活动准确率,延迟低于34微秒。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Low-cost air quality sensors are becoming ubiquitous in our daily lives as public awareness of air pollution continues to grow, and people take measures to monitor and improve the air they breathe indoors. Besides the standard operation of these sensors, fluctuations in environmental parameters can be leveraged to understand human behavior and activities in indoor spaces. Unlike traditional audio-visual, Radio Frequency, and inertial sensors, air quality sensors are easily scalable to a household, are privacy-preserving, and more economical. Such distributed sensor networks must jointly make decisions to monitor indoor occupants for downstream smart home and healthcare applications. However, due to low processing power, memory, and energy, they often struggle to maintain distributed data consensus and identify activity-affected sensor groups for accurate on-device inference. In this paper, we propose PoHAR framework that implements: (i) a conflict-free replicated data primitive for data sharing, (ii) a hierarchical clustering for ESP32 to detect activity-affected sensor groups with a self-supervised distance metric, and (iii) a leader-based group inference with off-the-shelf ML classifiers, enabling the sensor network to collaboratively detect hyperlocal indoor activities. Our extensive experiments demonstrated on-device activity detection, achieving 97.41% accuracy for indoor activity and 99.68% for cooking activity, using off-the-shelf ML models with latency below 34 microseconds.
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