arXiv:2605.09600eess.IVcs.CV2026-05

用不确定性引导双域学习,提升皮肤病变分割的可靠性与可解释性。

Uncertainty-Guided Dual-Domain Learning for Reliable Skin Lesion Segmentation

论文配图:Uncertainty-Guided Dual-Domain Learning for Reliable Skin Lesion Segmentation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于像素级不确定性构建动态融合机制,主动指导特征交互
  • 在多个数据集上显著优于现有方法,尤其对难样本表现突出
  • 结果与专家差异一致,适合临床辅助诊断场景

准确的皮肤病变分割对皮肤镜辅助诊断至关重要。然而,视觉模糊性和形态不规则性常导致空间建模失效,需采用多域架构。现有方法普遍忽视预测不确定性的主动利用,导致确定性框架存在跨域融合盲目、易受标签噪声过拟合的问题。为此,我们提出不确定性引导的双域网络(UGDD-Net)。该模型引入新颖的“凝视-观察”机制,将不确定性转化为主动引导信号。具体地,不确定性引导的双向特征融合模块(UGBFF)利用像素级不确定性调制空间-光谱交互;不确定性引导的图精炼模块(UGGR)构建拓扑感知图,传播可靠语义共识并优化不确定节点;不确定性引导的边际自适应损失(UGML)对置信像素施加严格约束,同时放宽对不确定区域的惩罚,提升统计校准性。在ISIC2017、ISIC2018、PH2和HAM10000数据集上的大量实验表明,UGDD-Net在多个指标上达到当前最优性能,尤其在“难样本”上表现优异。其不确定性图与专家间观测差异高度一致,为医机协同诊断提供稳健可解释性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Accurate skin lesion segmentation is vital for dermoscopic Computer-Aided Diagnosis. However, visual ambiguity and morphological irregularity often defeat spatial modeling, necessitating multi-domain architectures. Existing paradigms frequently overlook the active use of prediction uncertainty, leading to deterministic frameworks that suffer from blind cross-domain fusion and overfit to label noise. To address these issues, we propose the Uncertainty-Guided Dual-Domain Network (UGDD-Net). UGDD-Net introduces a novel "Glance-and-Gaze" mechanism to transform uncertainty into an active guiding signal. Specifically, the Uncertainty-Guided Bi-directional Feature Fusion (UGBFF) module uses pixel-level uncertainty to modulate spatial-spectral interactions. The Uncertainty-Guided Graph Refinement (UGGR) module constructs a topology-aware graph to propagate reliable semantic consensus and refine uncertain nodes. Finally, the Uncertainty-Guided Margin-Adaptive Loss (UGML) enforces strict constraints on confident pixels while relaxing penalties on uncertain ones to improve statistical calibration. Extensive experiments on ISIC2017, ISIC2018, PH2, and HAM10000 datasets demonstrate that UGDD-Net achieves state-of-the-art performance, especially on "Hard Samples". Our uncertainty maps align with expert inter-observer variability, providing robust interpretability for human-machine collaborative diagnosis.

皮肤病变分割不确定性医学影像

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