arXiv:2605.09948cs.AIcs.CV2026-05

让视觉语言动作模型自己判断何时够用,省计算还更准。

LoopVLA: Learning Sufficiency in Recurrent Refinement for Vision-Language-Action Models

论文配图:LoopVLA: Learning Sufficiency in Recurrent Refinement for Vision-Language-Action Models
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用迭代优化+自评估机制,动态决定何时停止处理
  • 在多个机器人任务上减少45%参数,推理速度提升1.7倍
  • 适合追求高效精准的机器人控制研究者

当前视觉语言动作(VLA)模型通常采用视觉语言骨干网络最深层表示作为动作预测的最优结果。然而,机器人操作包含大量频繁的闭环空间调整,过度抽象会浪费计算并削弱对精确控制至关重要的低层几何线索。现有早停策略通过预设层数或动作一致性等启发式规则减少计算,但无法直接回答某表示是否已足够。本文提出LoopVLA,一种递归VLA架构,联合学习表示精炼、动作预测与充分性估计。LoopVLA通过共享Transformer块逐轮精炼多模态标记,在每轮生成候选动作和充分性评分,以判断是否需继续优化。通过跨轮次参数共享,将精炼过程解耦于绝对层索引,并使充分性估计基于演化中的表示本身。由于充分性无直接监督,引入自监督分布对齐目标,训练中间置信度得分匹配各精炼步骤间动作质量相对表现,从而将充分性学习与策略优化信号关联。在LIBERO、LIBERO-Plus和VLA-Arena上的实验表明,LoopVLA在性能不变或更优的前提下,将参数量减少45%,推理吞吐量最高提升1.7倍。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Current Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models typically treat the deepest representation of a vision-language backbone as universally optimal for action prediction. However, robotic manipulation is composed of many frequent closed-loop spatial adjustments, for which excessive abstraction may waste computation and weaken low-level geometric cues essential for precise control. Existing early-exit strategies attempt to reduce computation by stopping at predefined layers or applying heuristic rules such as action consistency, but they do not directly answer when a representation is actually sufficient for action. In this paper, we present LoopVLA, a recurrent VLA architecture that jointly learns representation refinement, action prediction, and sufficiency estimation. LoopVLA iteratively applies a shared Transformer block to refine multimodal tokens, and at each iteration produces both a candidate action and a sufficiency score that estimates whether further refinement is necessary. By sharing parameters across iterations, LoopVLA decouples refinement from absolute layer indices and grounds sufficiency estimation in the evolving representation itself. Since sufficiency has no direct supervision, we introduce a self-supervised distribution alignment objective, where intermediate confidence scores are trained to match the relative action quality across refinement steps, thereby linking sufficiency learning to policy optimization signals. Experiments on LIBERO, LIBERO-Plus, and VLA-Arena show that LoopVLA pushes the efficiency-performance frontier of VLA policies, reducing parameters by 45% and improving inference throughput by up to 1.7 times while matching or outperforming strong baselines in task success.

视觉语言动作递归模型效率优化机器人控制

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