arXiv:2605.10046cs.CVcs.LG2026-05

不依赖隐空间的快速降水预报模型,精度与速度兼得

PixelFlowCast: Latent-Free Precipitation Nowcasting via Pixel Mean Flows

论文配图:PixelFlowCast: Latent-Free Precipitation Nowcasting via Pixel Mean Flows
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 分两阶段:先粗略预测趋势,再用深层特征精准引导
  • 仅需少数几步即可生成高质量预报,推理速度快
  • 适合需要实时响应的气象预警系统使用

降水短时预报旨在为极端天气预警提供短期雷达回波序列预测,预测精度与推理效率对实际应用至关重要。然而,基于扩散模型的方法虽具备强大生成能力,却因多步采样轨迹导致推理缓慢,实用性受限。条件流匹配(CFM)通过拉直轨迹提升效率,但依赖隐空间压缩,不可避免丢失高频物理细节,影响细粒度预测质量。为此,我们提出PixelFlowCast,一种无需隐空间压缩的两阶段概率预报框架,兼顾高效率与高保真。第一阶段由确定性模型生成粗略预报,捕捉全局演变趋势;第二阶段,KANCondNet 提取深层时空演化特征,提供精确条件引导。基于此,无隐空间的少步像素均值流(PMF)预测器采用 x-预测机制,有效保留细粒度结构并保持快速推理。在公开数据集SEVIR上的实验表明,PixelFlowCast 在预测精度与推理效率上均优于主流方法,尤其在长序列预报中表现突出,展现出强大的实际部署潜力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Precipitation nowcasting aims to forecast short-term radar echo sequences for extreme weather warning, where both prediction fidelity and inference efficiency are critical for real-world deployment. However, diffusion-based models, despite their strong generative capability, suffer from slow inference due to multi-step sampling trajectories, limiting their practical usability. Conditional Flow Matching (CFM) improves efficiency via straightened trajectories, but relies on latent space compression, which inevitably discards high-frequency physical details and degrades fine-grained prediction quality. To address these limitations, we propose PixelFlowCast, a two-stage probabilistic forecasting framework that achieves both high-efficiency and high-fidelity prediction without latent compression. Specifically, in the first stage, a deterministic model first produces coarse forecasts to capture global evolution trends. In the subsequent stage, the proposed KANCondNet extracts deep spatiotemporal evolution features to provide accurate conditional guidance. Based on this, a latent-free, few-step Pixel Mean Flows (PMF) predictor employs an $x$-prediction mechanism to generate high-quality predictions, effectively preserving fine-grained structures while maintaining fast inference. Experiments on the publicly available SEVIR dataset demonstrate that PixelFlowCast outperforms existing mainstream methods in both prediction accuracy and inference efficiency, particularly for long sequence forecasting, highlighting its strong potential for real-world operational deployment.

降水预报生成模型高效推理

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