arXiv:2605.10117cs.CVcs.AI2026-05

根据场景复杂度动态调整感知计算,提升自动驾驶效率与准确性。

Think as Needed: Geometry-Driven Adaptive Perception for Autonomous Driving

论文配图:Think as Needed: Geometry-Driven Adaptive Perception for Autonomous Driving
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用几何复杂度评估自动选择浅层或深层处理路径
  • 实现38%延迟降低且长尾场景精度提升2.7点
  • 可记忆被遮挡超5秒的物体,适合复杂城市驾驶

自动驾驶场景从空旷高速到密集交叉口不等,现有3D检测模型对每帧均采用固定计算开销,简单场景浪费资源,复杂场景又力不从心。当前基于Transformer的交互模型随目标数量呈平方级增长,逐帧处理也导致物体一旦被遮挡立即遗忘。本文提出Enhanced HOPE,通过无监督统计估计器测量每帧激光雷达数据的几何复杂度,并据此选择浅层或深层处理路径,无需人工标注。为保持交互建模高效,采用线性时间子空间网络替代二次项成对注意力,将邻近物体聚类并联合处理。两项机制节省的算力释放给持久时序记忆模块,可跨帧保留已检测物体和交通规则,实现遮挡后超过5秒的物体追踪。在nuScenes与CARLA基准上,Enhanced HOPE在简单场景降低38%延迟且精度不变,在稀有长尾场景中平均精度提升2.7点,而所有基线模型在5秒以上遮挡下均失效。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Autonomous driving scenes range from empty highways to dense intersections with dozens of interacting road users, yet current 3D detection models apply a fixed computation budget to every frame, wasting resources on simple scenes while lacking capacity for complex ones. Existing approaches compound this problem: Transformer-based interaction models scale quadratically with the number of detected objects, and frame-by-frame processing causes the system to immediately forget objects the moment they become occluded. We propose Enhanced HOPE, an adaptive perception architecture that measures the geometric complexity of each incoming LiDAR frame using an unsupervised statistical estimator and routes it through a shallow or deep processing path accordingly, requiring no manual scene labels. To keep interaction modeling efficient, we replace quadratic pairwise attention with a linear-time subspace-based network that groups nearby objects into clusters and processes them jointly. The computational savings from these two mechanisms free up resources for a persistent temporal memory module that retains previously detected objects and traffic rules across frames, enabling the system to recall occluded objects seconds after they disappear from view. On the nuScenes and CARLA benchmarks, Enhanced HOPE reduces latency by 38% on simple scenes with no accuracy loss, improves mean Average Precision by 2.7 points on rare long-tail scenarios, and tracks objects through occlusions lasting over 5 seconds, where all tested baselines fail.

自动驾驶自适应感知时空记忆3D检测

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