用几何模型替代加速结构,高效模拟动态场景中激光雷达的射线-三角形碰撞。
Geometrically Approximated Modeling for Emitter-Centric Ray-Triangle Filtering in Arbitrarily Dynamic LiDAR Simulation

- 从发射器视角建模射线可能击中的区域,避免逐射线计算
- 在复杂动态场景中,性能比GPU加速方案快7.97倍,比CPU方案快14.55倍
- 适合高动态、多传感器实时仿真,不依赖硬件或加速结构
实时激光雷达(LiDAR)仿真需在动态场景中快速确定每条发射射线的最近交点三角形,而传统加速结构需每帧重建,开销随动态物体数量线性增长。本文提出Gajmer射线投射算法(GRCA),将问题反向:不再问“射线击中什么”,而是问“每个三角形可能被哪些射线击中”。通过将旋转的激光发射器建模为旋转锥或平面,并利用三角形在发射器坐标系下的视域面积,实现无需加速结构的射线通道剪枝。该方法为计算密集型且与厂商无关,适用于高动态、高分辨率的多传感器同时仿真。基准测试覆盖2-8个128×4096射线的激光雷达(360°/180°扫描),单帧射线数达百万级。在未启用距离裁剪时,性能较OptiX(GPU)提升7.97倍,较Embree(CPU)提升14.55倍;引入真实部署范围(10-100米)的距离裁剪后,分别提升7.02倍和9.33倍;混合管道(动态用GRCA,静态用OptiX/Embree)在最复杂场景(约2200万三角形,其中约900万动态)下,性能最高达10.5倍GPU和19.2倍CPU。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Real-time Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) simulation must find, per emitted ray, the closest intersecting triangle even in dynamic scenes containing large numbers of moving and deformable objects. Dominant acceleration-structure approaches require rebuilding each frame for dynamic geometry -- a cost that compounds directly with scene dynamics and cannot be amortized regardless of how little actually changed. This paper presents the Gajmer Ray-Casting Algorithm (GRCA), which inverts the question: instead of asking what does each ray hit? it asks which rays can each triangle possibly hit? GRCA geometrically models spinning LiDAR emitters as rotation-traced cones or planes and uses each triangle's emitter-centric apparent area to cull, per triangle, which channels and the rays within those channels can possibly reach it -- without any acceleration structure. GRCA is compute-based and vendor-agnostic by design, targeting highly dynamic, high-resolution simultaneous multi-sensor simulation. At its core, GRCA is a general-purpose ray-casting algorithm: the emitter-centric inversion applies to any setting where rays originate from a known position, not only LiDAR. Benchmarks evaluate 2-8 simultaneous 128x4096-ray LiDARs (360deg/180deg) over complex dynamic scenes -- with just two sensors casting ~1M rays per frame. With range culling inactive, GRCA reaches up to 7.97x over hardware-accelerated OptiX (GPU) and 14.55x over Embree (CPU). Two independent extensions further boost performance even in the most complex scene (~22M triangles, ~9M of which are dynamic, 8 LiDARs): range culling at realistic deployment ranges (10-100m) reaches up to 7.02x GPU and 9.33x CPU; a hybrid pipeline -- GRCA for dynamic geometry, OptiX/Embree for static -- reaches up to 10.5x GPU and 19.2x CPU.
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