让科研自动化系统学会因人而异,越用越懂你。
NanoResearch: Co-Evolving Skills, Memory, and Policy for Personalized Research Automation

- 三层次协同进化:技能、记忆、策略动态优化
- 用户反馈无需标注,自动转化为长期规划能力
- 适合个性化科研助手研发者与追求高效研究的学者
基于大模型的多智能体系统已能实现从选题到论文撰写的全流程科研自动化,但核心问题仍是:为谁服务?研究人员在资源、方法偏好和输出格式上各不相同。若系统产出统一结果,将系统性地忽略个体需求,因此个性化是科研自动化的前提。现有系统缺乏三大能力:跨项目复用的操作知识积累、跨会话保留的用户经验、难以形式化的隐性偏好内化。我们提出NanoResearch,一个通过三层协同进化的多智能体框架:技能库将重复操作提炼为可复用的程序规则;记忆模块保存用户与项目特定经验,支撑规划决策;无标签策略学习将自由文本反馈转化为规划器参数的持久更新,持续调整协作逻辑。三者协同演进:可靠技能生成更丰富记忆,丰富记忆指导更好规划,偏好内化不断重塑循环以适配用户。大量实验表明,NanoResearch在性能上显著优于当前顶尖科研自动化系统,并在连续迭代中以更低成本产出更优成果。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
LLM-powered multi-agent systems can now automate the full research pipeline from ideation to paper writing, but a fundamental question remains: automation for whom? Researchers operate under different resource configurations, hold different methodological preferences, and target different output formats. A system that produces uniform outputs regardless of these differences will systematically under-serve every individual user, making personalization a precondition for research automation to be genuinely usable. However, achieving it requires three capabilities that current systems lack: accumulating reusable procedural knowledge across projects, retaining user-specific experience across sessions, and internalizing implicit preferences that resist explicit formalization. We propose NanoResearch, a multi-agent framework that addresses these gaps through tri-level co-evolution. A skill bank distills recurring operations into compact procedural rules reusable across projects. A memory module maintains user- and project-specific experience that grounds planning decisions in each user's research history. A label-free policy learning converts free-form feedback into persistent parameter updates of the planner, reshaping subsequent coordination. These three layers co-evolve: reliable skills produce richer memory, richer memory informs better planning, and preference internalization continuously realigns the loop to each user. Extensive experiments demonstrate that NanoResearch delivers substantial gains over state-of-the-art AI research systems, and progressively refines itself to produce better research at lower cost over successive cycles.
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