arXiv:2605.10975cs.LGcs.AI2026-05

提出新型谱图网络框架,解决异质图学习中的过平滑与过压缩问题。

Hierarchical Multi-Scale Graph Neural Networks: Scalable Heterophilous Learning with Oversmoothing and Oversquashing Mitigation

论文配图:Hierarchical Multi-Scale Graph Neural Networks: Scalable Heterophilous Learning with Oversmoothing and Oversquashing Mitigation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 构建分层哈达玛基,通过感知异质性的编码器生成符号亲和度
  • 在各层级稀疏正交基上应用可学习频域滤波,缓解中心节点主导与远距离信号衰减
  • 多层级跳跃连接融合输出,线性扩展且在节点/图分类上提升3%~7%

真实场景中广泛存在的异质图(邻接节点标签不同)使现有谱图神经网络面临中心节点主导聚合与过平滑问题,因次优多项式滤波引入近似误差并混合远距离信号。本文提出分层多视角哈尔(HMH)框架,实现近线性时间可扩展的异质图学习。HMH首先通过感知异质性的编码器学习特征与结构相关的符号亲和度,再据此构建软图层次结构;在每一层级,利用稀疏、正交且局部感知的哈尔基构造可学习的频域滤波器;最终通过跳跃反卷积层将所有层级输出融合回原图,有效缓解中心节点主导与长程信号瓶颈。实验表明,HMH超越现有最优谱基方法,在节点分类任务上最高提升3%,图分类任务上最高提升7%,同时保持线性扩展性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Graphs with heterophily, where adjacent nodes carry different labels, are prevalent in real-world applications, from social networks to molecular interactions. However, existing spectral Graph Neural Network (GNN) approaches tailored for heterophilous graph classification suffer from hub-dominated (node with large degree) aggregation and oversmoothing, as their suboptimal polynomial filters introduce approximation errors and blend distant signals. To address the degree-biased aggregation and suboptimal polynomial filtering, we introduce a Hierarchical Multi-view HAAR (HMH), a novel spectral graph-learning framework that scales in near-linear time . HMH first learns feature- and structure-aware signed affinities via a heterophily-aware encoder, then constructs a soft graph hierarchy guided by these embeddings. At each hierarchical level, HMH constructs a sparse, orthonormal, and locality-aware Haar basis to apply learnable spectral filters in the frequency domain. Finally, skip-connection unpooling layers combine outputs from all hierarchical levels back into the original graph, effectively preventing hub domination and long-range signal bottleneck (over-squashing). Experimentation shows that HMH outperforms state-of-the-art spectral baselines, achieving up to a 3% improvement on node classification and 7% points on graph classification datasets, all while maintaining linear scalability.

图神经网络异质图谱方法可扩展性

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