同一张政治图像对不同身份群体意义不同，该研究提出新模型捕捉这种差异。
Unpacking the Eye of the Beholder: Social Location, Identity, and the Moving Target of Political Perspectives
- 基于5575名美国成年人的8.2万条评价，训练多身份感知的视觉情感分类器
- 发现抗议图像中的暴力感知和情绪机制随受众身份显著变化
- 适合关注政治传播、社会认知与算法公平性的研究者阅读
政治与社会身份决定了人们对政治信息的评估方式，这一发现已在政治学中积淀数十年，却常被计算工具忽视——后者通常给出单一评分，将文本、图像或视频视为对所有人意义相同。本文证明事实并非如此，且差异具有实质影响。为此，作者开发了视角主义视觉政治情感（PVPS）分类器，利用约8.2万条来自5575名美国成年人的评价数据，预测不同政治与社会身份群体对同一图像的评估反应。不同于传统工具抹平系统性分歧，PVPS保留差异，输出包含谁同意、谁分歧及分歧身份维度的评价画像。应用于多个有影响力的视觉情感研究后发现，一旦考虑受众身份，抗议图像中的暴力感知及引发参与的情绪机制均发生实质性变化。因此，政治图像所传达的意义是动态变化的，其测量必须明确针对的是谁。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Political and social identities structure how people evaluate political information, a finding decades deep in political science and routinely discarded by computational tools that often produce single scores that treat a piece of text, an image, or a video as if it means the same thing to everyone. This paper shows that it does not, and that the difference is consequential. To address this problem, I develop the Perspectivist Visual Political Sentiment (PVPS) classifier, which learns from approximately 82,000 evaluations by 5,575 U.S. adults to predict how audiences defined by political and social identities will evaluate the same image. Unlike standard tools that average systematic disagreement away, PVPS preserves it, returning an evaluative profile that records who agrees, who diverges, and along which identity lines. Applied to several influential studies of visual sentiment, PVPS shows that perceived violence in protest imagery and the emotional mechanisms behind protest image engagement both change substantively once audience identity is taken into account. It follows that what a political image conveys is a moving target, and measuring it requires knowing whom it is moving.
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