arXiv:2605.11234cs.AI2026-05

让AI理解工厂设备的真实关系,避免误判和错误指令。

The Semantic Training Gap: Ontology-Grounded Tool Architectures for Industrial AI Agent Systems

  • 用制造领域的知识图谱直接约束AI工具调用
  • 实测可将识别错误从43%降为0%
  • 适合工业AI系统开发者与智能制造团队

基于大语言模型的AI代理正被广泛应用于制造场景中的分析、质量管理和决策支持。这些代理虽能流利使用领域术语,却缺乏对操作语义的扎实理解——即设备编号、工艺参数、故障代码与监管要求之间的实际关联。本文首次提出并形式化了「语义训练差距」:AI通过训练获得词汇,但制造操作依赖本体关系来定义意义。该差距导致即使语言表达正确,仍产生操作性错误;在多代理系统中更引发累积性失效,称为语义漂移。为此,我们提出一种架构,将制造本体嵌入AI工具层作为类型化的关联配置,在运行时强制语义约束,而非依赖模型训练。该架构定义为三个操作接口契约——解析、上下文化、标注——由AIOps编排层保证不变性。在六种工业配置下(72次Qwen3-32B工具调用),无约束参数导致43%的领域标识符幻觉;本体约束后降至0%。通过数字孪生分析平台验证,单一代码库搭配领域本体配置即可消除工具调用幻觉,并实现跨领域可配置性,无需修改应用代码。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large language model (LLM)-based AI agents are increasingly deployed in manufacturing environments for analytics, quality management, and decision support. These agents demonstrate statistical fluency with domain terminology but lack grounded understanding of operational semantics -- the relational structure that connects equipment identifiers, process parameters, failure codes, and regulatory constraints within a specific production context. This paper identifies and formalizes the semantic training gap: a structural disconnect between how AI systems acquire domain vocabulary through training and how manufacturing operations define meaning through ontological relationships. We demonstrate that this gap causes operationally incorrect outputs even when model responses are linguistically precise, and that in multi-agent configurations it produces a compounding failure mode we term semantic drift. To close this gap, we present an architecture that embeds manufacturing ontology directly into the AI tool layer as a typed relational configuration, enforcing semantic constraints at runtime rather than relying on model training. The architecture is formalized as a three-operation interface contract -- resolve, contextualize, annotate -- with invariants enforced by an AIOps orchestration layer. In a controlled experiment across six industry configurations (72 tool invocations using Qwen3-32B), unconstrained tool parameters produced a 43% hallucination rate for domain identifiers; ontology-grounded parameters reduced this to 0%. We validate the approach through a digital twin analytics platform demonstrating that a single codebase with domain-specific ontology configurations eliminates tool-call hallucination and achieves cross-domain configurability without application code changes.

工业AI本体语义约束数字孪生

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