arXiv:2605.11317cs.CLcs.AI2026-05被引 1

用小模型替代大模型,高效处理多轮对话。

SOMA: Efficient Multi-turn LLM Serving via Small Language Model

  • 用早期对话数据构建局部响应空间,训练小模型适配
  • 小模型推理时无需提示词,延迟降低70%以上
  • 适合部署在资源受限的实时对话场景

大型语言模型在多轮对话中广泛应用,需保持上下文连贯性。传统方法将完整对话历史拼接输入,虽保证质量但带来高延迟、高内存和高成本,尤其在调用大模型时更明显。现有方法难以平衡质量与效率。本文提出SOMA框架:利用会话早期轮次估计局部响应流形,将小模型微调至该区域,后续对话由小模型承接。具体通过学习软提示最大化大小模型响应语义差异,识别关键不一致方向;采用抗退化控制稳定训练;将挖掘出的关键样本用于局部LoRA微调,使小模型推理时无需提示。引入简单门控机制实现一次切换并支持异常回滚。进一步提供关键组件的理论分析。大量实验验证其有效性。代码已开源。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in multi-turn dialogue settings where preserving conversational context across turns is essential. A standard serving practice concatenates the full dialogue history at every turn, which reliably maintains coherence but incurs substantial cost in latency, memory, and API expenditure, especially when queries are routed to large proprietary models. Existing approaches often struggle to balance the trade-off between response quality and efficiency. We propose a framework that exploits the early turns of a session to estimate a local response manifold and then adapt a smaller surrogate model to this local region for the remainder of the conversation. Concretely, we learn soft prompts that maximize semantic divergence between the large and surrogate small language models' responses to surface least-aligned local directions, stabilize training with anti-degeneration control, and distill the mined cases into localized LoRA fine-tuning so the surrogate runs without prompts at inference. A simple gate enables a one-time switch with rollback on drift. We further provide a theoretical analysis for key components in SOMA. Extensive experiments show the effectiveness of SOMA. The source code is provided at: https://github.com/LabRAI/SOMA.

多轮对话小模型效率优化LoRA

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