arXiv:2605.11336cs.IRcs.AI2026-05

发现网络地理搜索远超传统GIS范畴,近18%查询涉及地点信息。

Much of Geospatial Web Search Is Beyond Traditional GIS

论文配图:Much of Geospatial Web Search Is Beyond Traditional GIS
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用嵌入与聚类分析百万级真实搜索,识别出18.0%的地理查询
  • 成本价格类查询占15.3%,超物理地理主题整体规模
  • 适合构建混合检索系统和评估大模型地理推理能力

网页搜索中关于地点的问题远多于现有标注体系所反映,但其大规模特征仍不清晰。我们对包含101万条真实Bing搜索的MS MARCO语料库应用密集句子嵌入、轻量级SetFit分类器及基于密度的聚类,未预先筛选地名或空间关键词,识别出181,827条地理查询(占18.0%),近乎原始标注中“地点”类别(6.17%)的三倍。由此生成的88类查询分类体系显示,地理搜索以交易与实用型查询为主:成本价格类占15.3%,接近整个物理地理主题规模。此类活动——如价格、营业时间、联系方式、天气、出行建议——大多超出传统GIS与知识图谱的服务范围。不同类别所需回答类型差异显著,从可由空间数据库直接回答的确定性查询,到需生成式或实时系统处理的评价性或时变查询。本文讨论对混合检索架构及大语言模型地理推理基准的影响,并公开发布标注数据集、分类器与分类体系。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Web search queries concern place far more often than existing labelling schemes suggest, yet the landscape of geospatial web search queries - what people ask of place, and how often - remains poorly characterised at scale. We apply dense sentence embeddings, a lightweight SetFit classifier, and density-based clustering to the full MS MARCO corpus of 1.01 million real Bing queries without prior filtering for toponyms or spatial keywords, identifying 181,827 geospatial queries (18.0%), nearly threefold the 6.17% labelled as Location in the original annotations. The resulting taxonomy of 88 query categories reveals that geospatial web search is dominated by transactional and practical lookups: costs and prices alone account for 15.3% of geospatial queries, nearly twice the size of the entire physical geography theme. Much of this activity - costs, opening hours, contact details, weather, travel recommendations - falls outside the scope of what traditional GIS and knowledge graphs are built to serve. The categories vary substantially in the kind of answer they admit, from deterministic lookups answerable from spatial databases or knowledge graphs to evaluative or temporally volatile queries that require generative or real-time systems. We discuss implications for hybrid retrieval architectures and for benchmarks of geographic reasoning in large language models. We openly release the labelled dataset, classifier, and taxonomy.

地理搜索大模型评测检索系统

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