arXiv:2605.11509cs.AIcs.LG2026-05被引 1

用大模型分层控制无人机,兼顾飞行安全与通信效率。

Hierarchical LLM-Driven Control for HAPS-Assisted UAV Networks: Joint Optimization of Flight and Connectivity

论文配图:Hierarchical LLM-Driven Control for HAPS-Assisted UAV Networks: Joint Optimization of Flight and Connectivity
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 分层设计:高空平台用大模型做长期规划,无人机自研混合控制器处理实时任务。
  • 实测提升14%运输效率、25%通信吞吐量,碰撞率降低23%。
  • 适合研究空天地一体化网络与智能无人机协同的学者和工程师。

无人飞行器(UAV)在复杂网络环境中应用日益广泛,但多无人机运动控制与通信连接的联合优化仍是核心挑战。本文研究在集成地面与非地面网络(ITNTN)中运行的多无人机系统,该网络包含地面基站与高空平台站(HAPS)。考虑三维空中高速公路场景,无人机需动态适应环境以确保避碰、高效通行及可靠通信。首先将问题建模为分层多目标部分可观马尔可夫决策过程(H-MO-POMDP),捕捉控制与通信目标间的耦合关系。基于此,提出一种大语言模型(LLM)驱动的分层多速率控制框架:在全局层面,由安装于HAPS的大模型控制器进行负载均衡与切换决策的长期规划;在局部层面,每架无人机采用混合控制器,融合慢时尺度的LLM进行高层空间推理,以及强化学习智能体实现快速的无人机-基础设施(U2I)通信与运动控制。进一步构建高保真三维仿真平台,集成gym-pybullet-drones环境与符合3GPP标准的射频/太赫兹信道模型。数值结果表明,所提框架显著优于现有基准,运输效率提升14%,通信吞吐量提高25%,物理碰撞率降低23%,展现出强手切换稳定性与动态场景下的零样本泛化能力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly deployed in complex networked environments, yet the joint optimization of multi-UAV motion control and connectivity remains a fundamental challenge. In this paper, we study a multi-UAV system operating in an integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial network (ITNTN) comprising terrestrial base stations and high-altitude platform stations (HAPS). We consider a three-dimensional (3D) aerial highway scenario where UAVs must adapt their motion to ensure collision avoidance, efficient traffic flow, and reliable communication under dynamic and partially observable conditions. We first model the problem as a hierarchical multi-objective partially observable Markov decision process (H-MO-POMDP), capturing the coupling between control and communication objectives. Based on this formulation, we propose a large language model (LLM)-driven hierarchical multi-rate control framework. At the global level, an LLM-based controller on the HAPS performs long-term planning for load balancing and handover decisions. At the local level, each UAV employs a hybrid controller that integrates a slow-timescale LLM for high-level spatial reasoning with a reinforcement learning agent for faster UAV-to-infrastructure (U2I) communication and motion control. We further develop a high-fidelity 3D simulation platform by integrating the gym-pybullet-drones environment with 3GPP-compliant RF/THz channel models. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed framework significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines, achieving a 14% increase in transportation efficiency and a 25% improvement in telecommunication throughput. Additionally, it achieves a 23% reduction in physical collision rates, demonstrating strong handover stability and zero-shot generalization in dynamic scenarios.

无人机大模型空地协同网络优化

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