arXiv:2605.11868cs.CRcs.AI2026-05被引 1

用真实网页注入攻击,测试企业级浏览器AI的安全性。

IPI-proxy: An Intercepting Proxy for Red-Teaming Web-Browsing AI Agents Against Indirect Prompt Injection

  • 拦截合法网站响应,在页面中嵌入820个攻击语句
  • 支持多种隐藏方式,可模拟真实攻击场景
  • 适合安全团队评估和加固AI浏览器防护能力

企业级网络浏览AI代理通常受严格白名单限制,但攻击者仍可通过在白名单域名提供的HTML页面中嵌入隐藏指令来影响其行为。现有红队资源无法覆盖此场景:提示注入基准提供代理无法访问的预构建恶意页面,通用LLM扫描器则只探测模型API而非实际获取内容。本文提出IPI-proxy,一个开源工具包,用于对网页浏览AI代理进行间接提示注入(IPI)红队测试。核心是一个拦截代理,可实时重写来自白名单域名的HTTP响应,在飞行中注入来自六个公开基准(BIPIA、InjecAgent、AgentDojo、Tensor Trust、WASP、LLMail-Inject)提取的820个去重攻击字符串。通过YAML配置,可独立设定攻击集、嵌入技术(HTML注释、不可见CSS或大模型生成的语义文本)及插入位置(6个点位,从head_meta到script_comment),实现无需模拟页面或沙箱环境的参数化测试。配套外泄追踪器记录成功回调。本文阐述威胁模型,定位IPI-proxy在现有IPI基准与红队工具中的位置,并详细说明其架构、设计决策与配置接口。该工具连接静态基准与真实部署,为AI安全团队提供可复现的基座,以在真实检索表面评估并强化浏览器代理对间接提示注入的防御能力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Web-browsing AI agents are increasingly deployed in enterprise settings under strict whitelists of approved domains, yet adversaries can still influence them by embedding hidden instructions in the HTML pages those domains serve. Existing red-teaming resources fall short of this scenario: prompt-injection benchmarks ship pre-built adversarial pages that whitelisted agents cannot reach, and generic LLM scanners probe the model API rather than its retrieved content. We present IPI-proxy, an open-source toolkit for red-teaming web-browsing agents against indirect prompt injection (IPI). At its core is an intercepting proxy that rewrites real HTTP responses from whitelisted domains in flight, embedding payloads drawn from a unified library of 820 deduplicated attack strings extracted from six published benchmarks (BIPIA, InjecAgent, AgentDojo, Tensor Trust, WASP, and LLMail-Inject). A YAML-driven test harness independently parameterizes the payload set, the embedding technique (HTML comment, invisible CSS, or LLM-generated semantic prose), and the HTML insertion point (6 locations from \icode{head\_meta} to \icode{script\_comment}), enabling parameter-sweep evaluation without mock pages or sandboxed environments. A companion exfiltration tracker logs successful callbacks. This paper describes the threat model, situates IPI-proxy among contemporary IPI benchmarks and red-teaming tools, and details its architecture, design decisions, and configuration interface. By bridging static benchmarks and live deployment, IPI-proxy gives AI security teams a reproducible substrate for measuring and hardening web-browsing agents against indirect prompt injection on the same retrieval surface attackers exploit in production.

AI安全提示注入红队测试浏览器AI

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