用日常动作数据指导大模型探索,提升智能体学习效率。
Learning Agentic Policy from Action Guidance

- 引入人类动作数据作为计划式引导,突破基础策略的可达性瓶颈。
- 在GAIA和XBench上分别提升10.7和19个百分点,媲美耗时微调方案。
- 仅在必要时动态启用引导,降低偏离策略风险,适合资源受限场景。
大语言模型的智能体强化学习高度依赖基础策略的探索能力,因为训练信号仅存在于其无法触及的区域。当基础策略无法到达奖励状态时,需额外训练或外部引导以恢复有效学习信号。我们提出 extsc{ActGuide-RL},利用日常人类交互中丰富的动作数据作为计划式参考引导,使智能体克服到达奖励状态的障碍。通过混合策略训练,联合优化有引导与无引导的轨迹,将探索收益内化至无引导策略。基于对收益-风险权衡的理论与实证分析,采用最小干预原则,在任务难度匹配的前提下,仅在必要时自适应启用引导,以最小化离策略风险。在搜索代理基准测试中, extsc{ActGuide-RL} 显著优于零强化学习(在GAIA上+10.7个百分点,在XBench上+19个百分点,使用Qwen3-4B),且无需冷启动即可达到SFT+RL流水线的性能水平。这揭示了一种新范式:通过可扩展的动作引导替代高成本监督微调,降低对重型微调数据的依赖。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Agentic reinforcement learning (RL) for Large Language Models (LLMs) critically depends on the exploration capability of the base policy, as training signals emerge only within its in-capability region. For tasks where the base policy cannot reach reward states, additional training or external guidance is needed to recover effective learning signals. Rather than relying on costly iterative supervised fine tuning (SFT), we exploit the abundant action data generated in everyday human interactions. We propose \textsc{ActGuide-RL}, which injects action data as plan-style reference guidance, enabling the agentic policy to overcome reachability barriers to reward states. Guided and unguided rollouts are then jointly optimized via mixed-policy training, internalizing the exploration gains back into the unguided policy. Motivated by a theoretical and empirical analysis of the benefit-risk trade-off, we adopt a minimal intervention principle that invokes guidance only as an adaptive fallback, matching task difficulty while minimizing off-policy risk. On search-agent benchmarks, \textsc{ActGuide-RL} substantially improves over zero RL (+10.7 pp on GAIA and +19 pp on XBench with Qwen3-4B), and performs on par with the SFT+RL pipeline without any cold start. This suggests a new paradigm for agentic RL that reduces the reliance on heavy SFT data by using scalable action guidance instead.
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