通过重建缺失事实提升谣言检测,让模型看清被省略的关键信息。
Latent Causal Void: Explicit Missing-Context Reconstruction for Misinformation Detection

- 用大模型生成每句话缺失的背景内容,显式构建跨源关系。
- 在中英文双语数据集上,相比最强基线提升2.56和2.84点宏F1。
- 适合需要理解上下文遗漏的谣言检测场景,尤其对隐性误导有效。
自动谣言检测在文章显性陈述明显欺骗时表现良好,但某些谣言仅在与同期报道对比时才显露出误导性,因其省略了关键背景事实。现有方法通常将检索到的上下文作为辅助证据或预测有无遗漏,却未显式还原具体缺失内容。本文提出「潜在因果空缺」(Latent Causal Void, LCV),一种基于检索的检测器:它检索时间对齐的上下文文章,调用冻结的指令微调大模型为每个句子-文章对生成简短的缺失背景描述,并将该描述作为异构图中目标句子与上下文文章之间的文本关系。在Sheng等人提出的双语基准上,LCV在英文和中文划分上分别比最强的遗漏感知基线提升2.56和2.84点宏F1。结果表明,显式建模缺失的跨源事实本身,而非仅附加检索证据或预测遗漏信号,是更有效的表示方式。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Automatic misinformation detection performs well when deception is visible in what an article explicitly states. However, some misinformation articles remain locally coherent and only become misleading once compared with contemporaneous reports that supply background facts the article omits. We study this omission-relevant setting and observe that current omission-aware approaches typically either attach retrieved context as auxiliary evidence or infer a categorical omission signal, leaving the specific missing fact implicit. We propose \emph{Latent Causal Void} (LCV), a retrieval-guided detector that explicitly reconstructs the missing fact for each target sentence and uses it as a textual cross-source relation in graph reasoning. Concretely, LCV retrieves temporally aligned context articles, asks a frozen instruction-tuned large language model to generate a short missing-context description for each sentence--article pair, and feeds the resulting relation text into a heterograph over target sentences and context articles. On the bilingual benchmark of Sheng et al., LCV improves over the strongest omission-aware baseline by $2.56$ and $2.84$ macro-F1 points on the English and Chinese splits, respectively. The results indicate that modeling the missing cross-source fact itself, rather than only attaching retrieved evidence or predicting an omission signal, is a useful representation for omission-aware misinformation detection.
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