让地图上的点线面实体自动理解彼此关系,提升空间数据建模能力。
NARA: Anchor-Conditioned Relation-Aware Contextualization of Heterogeneous Geoentities

- 用锚点引导的统一框架,同时学习语义、几何与空间关系。
- 在建筑功能分类等任务上优于现有方法,提升显著。
- 适合处理点、线、面混合的复杂地理数据场景。
地理空间基础模型主要聚焦于卫星图像等栅格数据,自监督学习已广泛应用。而矢量地理数据则以离散的地理实体形式表达世界,具有明确的几何、语义和结构化空间关系,包括度量邻近性与拓扑关系。这些关系共同决定实体在空间中的交互方式,但现有表示学习方法仍零散,常局限于特定几何类型或部分空间关系,难以捕捉异构地理实体间的统一空间上下文。本文提出NARA(神经锚点条件关系感知表征学习),一种面向矢量地理实体的自监督框架。NARA通过统一框架联合建模语义、几何与空间关系,不仅捕捉邻近性,还建模更复杂的关联结构,实现对点、线、面等异构地理实体的丰富上下文表征。在建筑功能分类、交通速度预测和下一兴趣点推荐任务上的评估显示,该方法持续优于先前方法,验证了统一关系建模对矢量地理空间数据的价值。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Geospatial foundation models have primarily focused on raster data such as satellite imagery, where self-supervised learning has been widely studied. Vector geospatial data instead represent the world as discrete geoentities with explicit geometry, semantics, and structured spatial relations, including metric proximity and topological relationships. These relations jointly determine how entities interact within space, yet existing representation learning methods remain fragmented, often restricted to specific geometry types or partial spatial relations, limiting their ability to capture unified spatial context across heterogeneous geoentities. We propose NARA (Neural Anchor-conditioned Relation-Aware representation learning), a self-supervised framework for vector geoentities. NARA learns context-dependent representations by jointly modeling semantics, geometry, and spatial relations within a unified framework and captures relational spatial structure beyond proximity alone, enabling rich contextualized representations across heterogeneous geoentities of points, polylines, and polygons. Evaluation on building function classification, traffic speed prediction, and next point-of-interest recommendation shows consistent improvements over prior methods, highlighting the benefit of unified relational modeling for vector geospatial data.
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