arXiv:2605.12357cs.AI2026-05被引 5

用小内存提升大模型记忆能力,不改主干也能显著增强长时推理。

$δ$-mem: Efficient Online Memory for Large Language Models

论文配图:$δ$-mem: Efficient Online Memory for Large Language Models
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用8×8小矩阵存历史信息,通过增量规则实时更新。
  • 在记忆密集任务上性能提升最高达1.31倍,通用能力基本不变。
  • 无需微调或扩展上下文,适合长期对话与智能体系统使用。

大型语言模型在长期助手和智能体系统中越来越需要积累并复用历史信息。单纯扩大上下文窗口成本高且难以保证有效利用。我们提出δ-mem,一种轻量级在线记忆机制,通过紧凑的关联记忆状态增强一个冻结的全注意力主干。δ-mem将过往信息压缩为固定大小的状态矩阵,采用增量规则学习进行更新,并在生成时用其读出结果对主干注意力计算生成低秩修正。仅使用8×8的在线记忆状态,δ-mem使平均得分达到冻结主干的1.10倍,强于非δ-mem基线的1.15倍。在记忆密集型任务上表现更优,MemoryAgentBench提升至1.31倍,LoCoMo提升至1.20倍,同时基本保持通用能力。结果表明,通过直接耦合注意力计算的紧凑在线状态即可实现高效记忆,无需全量微调、替换主干或显式扩展上下文。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large language models increasingly need to accumulate and reuse historical information in long-term assistants and agent systems. Simply expanding the context window is costly and often fails to ensure effective context utilization. We propose $δ$-mem, a lightweight memory mechanism that augments a frozen full-attention backbone with a compact online state of associative memory. $δ$-mem compresses past information into a fixed-size state matrix updated by delta-rule learning, and uses its readout to generate low-rank corrections to the backbone's attention computation during generation. With only an $8\times8$ online memory state, $δ$-mem improves the average score to $1.10\times$ that of the frozen backbone and $1.15\times$ that of the strongest non-$δ$-mem memory baseline. It achieves larger gains on memory-heavy benchmarks, reaching $1.31\times$ on MemoryAgentBench and $1.20\times$ on LoCoMo, while largely preserving general capabilities. These results show that effective memory can be realized through a compact online state directly coupled with attention computation, without full fine-tuning, backbone replacement, or explicit context extension.

大模型记忆在线学习注意力机制

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