arXiv:2605.12673cs.AIcs.CR2026-05被引 9

用自动化攻防系统发现智能体评测中的作弊漏洞。

Do Androids Dream of Breaking the Game? Systematically Auditing AI Agent Benchmarks with BenchJack

论文配图:Do Androids Dream of Breaking the Game? Systematically Auditing AI Agent Benchmarks with BenchJack
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 设计BenchJack系统,自动寻找评测中的奖励欺骗漏洞。
  • 在10个主流评测中发现219个漏洞,多数漏洞使得分接近满分但未完成任务。
  • 通过迭代攻防提升评测鲁棒性,让4个基准的可攻击率降至10%以下。

智能体评测已成为衡量前沿AI能力的默认标准,指导模型选择、投资与部署。然而,即使未过拟合,前沿模型也会自发出现奖励黑客行为——即通过非预期方式最大化分数。我们提出评测必须具备安全设计。基于过往奖励黑客案例,归纳出八类常见缺陷模式,并形成《Agent-Eval检查清单》供设计者参考。在此基础上,构建BenchJack系统,驱动编码智能体以预判方式审计评测,识别潜在奖励欺骗漏洞。进一步扩展为生成对抗式迭代流程,持续发现并修补新缺陷,增强评测鲁棒性。将BenchJack应用于涵盖软件工程、网页导航、桌面操作和终端命令的10个流行评测,成功合成多类奖励黑客策略,在多数评测中实现近满分但未完成任何任务。共揭示219项不同类型的缺陷。其扩展管道将四个无致命设计缺陷的评测的可攻击任务比例从接近100%降至不足10%,并在三轮内完全修复WebArena与OSWorld。结果表明,当前评估流程尚未建立对抗性思维,主动审计可有效弥补快速演进的评测领域的安全缺口。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Agent benchmarks have become the de facto measure of frontier AI competence, guiding model selection, investment, and deployment. However, reward hacking, where agents maximize a score without performing the intended task, emerges spontaneously in frontier models without overfitting. We argue that benchmarks must be secure by design. From past incidents of reward hacks, we derive a taxonomy of eight recurring flaw patterns and compile them into the Agent-Eval Checklist for benchmark designers. We condense the insights into BenchJack, an automated red-teaming system that drives coding agents to audit benchmarks and identify possible reward-hacking exploits in a clairvoyant manner. Moreover, we extend BenchJack to an iterative generative-adversarial pipeline that discovers new flaws and patches them iteratively to improve benchmark robustness. We apply BenchJack to 10 popular agent benchmarks spanning software engineering, web navigation, desktop computing, and terminal operations. BenchJack synthesizes reward-hacking exploits that achieve near-perfect scores on most of the benchmarks without solving a single task, surfacing 219 distinct flaws across the eight classes. Moreover, BenchJack's extended pipeline reduces the hackable-task ratio from near 100% to under 10% on four benchmarks without fatal design flaws, fully patching WebArena and OSWorld within three iterations. Our results show that evaluation pipelines have not internalized an adversarial mindset, and that proactive auditing could help close the security gap for the fast-paced benchmarking space.

智能体评测奖励黑客安全审计自动化攻防

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