提出角均值规则,实现多人长期决策的公平排序。
The End Justifies the Mean: A Linear Ranking Rule for Proportional Sequential Decisions
- 用角均值替代算术平均,实现多主体长期意见平衡
- 角均值在批量较大时能逼近每批次公平性,误差随批次增长快速下降
- 适用于高分歧场景下的民主化算法设计,如群体推荐系统
人工智能对齐与参与式设计催生了一类新问题:如何集体选择一个可重复使用的决策规则。本文研究线性排序规则在批次中对项目进行排序的问题,其中每个项目的排名由固定评分向量θ*与项目特征的内积决定。给定多个投票者偏好评分向量θ^(1),…,θ^(n)及其人口比例α^(1),…,α^(n),目标是选择一个集体评分向量θ*,满足个体比例性(IP):每一类投票者i在长期平均上或每批次内,其对结果的认同度达到α^(i)的比例。传统算术平均存在严重多数决倾向,且一般线性规则难以平衡多元意见。本文主要发现:角均值(球面版算术平均)能实现长期个体比例性。进一步证明,精确的每批次个体比例性无法通过固定线性规则实现,但该差距随批次规模增大迅速缩小。三个真实偏好数据集实验表明,当偏好同质时各类规则表现相近;而在高分歧情况下,角均值显著提升比例性表现。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
AI alignment and participatory design motivate a new democratic design problem: how to collectively choose a decision rule to use repeatedly. We study this problem for linear ranking rules, which repeatedly rank items $x_j$ within batches $X=(x_1,\dots,x_m)\in(\mathbb{R}^d)^m$, where each item's ranking is dictated by its score $\langle θ^*,x_j\rangle$ according to a fixed scoring vector $θ^*$. Given voters' preferred scoring vectors $θ^{(1)},\dots,θ^{(n)}$ and their population fractions $α^{(1)},\dots,α^{(n)}$, we ask how to choose a collective vector $θ^*$ satisfying individual proportionality (IP): every voter type $i$ should agree with the resulting rankings to an $α^{(i)}$-proportional degree, either on average over time (long-run IP) or even within each batch (per-batch IP). The default rule, the arithmetic mean of the $θ^{(i)}$, has been shown to be severely majoritarian; more generally, it is not clear that any fixed linear rule can balance many voters' disparate opinions. Our main result is that, surprisingly, there is a simple rule that does satisfy long-run IP: the angular mean, the spherical analog of the arithmetic mean. We then show that exact per-batch IP is impossible for fixed linear rules, but that the gap between per-batch and long-run IP shrinks quickly with batch size. Experiments on three real-world preference datasets show that all rules perform similarly when voters' preferences are homogeneous, while the angular mean substantially improves proportionality in high-disagreement regimes.
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