一套通用机器人自主系统,让飞行和地面机器人在复杂环境中稳定运行。
The Unified Autonomy Stack: Toward a Blueprint for Generalizable Robot Autonomy

- 融合多传感器数据,实现跨形态机器人的统一感知与规划架构。
- 可在无GNSS、烟雾遮蔽等恶劣条件下完成探索与巡检任务。
- 开源代码与实验数据,适合研究通用自主系统的开发者使用。
我们提出并开源了统一自主栈(Unified Autonomy Stack),一种面向多样化空中与地面机器人形态的系统级解决方案,可实现稳健的自主运行。该架构由三大协同模块构成:多模态感知、多行为规划和多层次安全导航。系统融合激光雷达、雷达、视觉和惯性传感数据,通过因子图融合实现鲁棒定位与建图;支持语义场景理解;采用自适应于不同空间尺度的采样方法进行运动与信息路径规划;结合在线重建地图上的规划、基于深度学习的外感受策略及控制屏障函数驱动的最终安全防护机制,实现多层安全导航。系统具备在未知、感知退化区域中安全导航、探索复杂环境、发现目标和高效巡检的能力。已在旋翼飞行器与四足机器人上验证,涵盖具有重复结构与烟雾遮蔽、复杂几何与高障碍物密度的严苛环境,表现稳定可靠。为便于应用,我们公开了实现代码、文档、验证与评估数据集(https://github.com/ntnu-arl/unified_autonomy_stack)。论文概述与实地实验视频见 https://youtu.be/l8Su8OXsM-E。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We introduce and open-source the Unified Autonomy Stack, a system-level solution that enables resilient autonomy across diverse aerial and ground robot morphologies. The architecture centers on three synergistic modules -- multi-modal perception, multi-behavior planning, and multi-layered safe navigation -- that together deliver comprehensive mission autonomy. The stack fuses data from LiDAR, radar, vision, and inertial sensing, enabling (a) robust localization and mapping through factor graph-based fusion, (b) semantic scene understanding, (c) motion and informative path planning through sampling-based techniques adaptive across spatial scales, as well as (d) multi-layered safe navigation both through planning on the online reconstructed map and deep learning-driven exteroceptive policies alongside last-resort safety filters using control barrier functions. The resulting behaviors include safe GNSS-denied navigation into unknown and perceptually-degraded regions, exploration of complex environments, object discovery, and efficient inspection planning. The stack has been field-tested and validated on both aerial (rotorcraft) and ground (legged) robots operating in a host of demanding environments, including self-similar and smoke-filled settings, with complex geometries and high obstacle clutter. These tests demonstrate resilient performance in challenging conditions. To facilitate ease of adoption, we open-source the implementation alongside supporting documentation, validation, and evaluation datasets https://github.com/ntnu-arl/unified_autonomy_stack. A video giving the overview of the paper and the field experiments is available at https://youtu.be/l8Su8OXsM-E.
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