arXiv:2605.12862cs.NIcs.LG2026-05

用物理启发的神经优化,高效解决网络高可用下的风险感知流量调度问题。

NeuroRisk: Physics-Informed Neural Optimization for Risk-Aware Traffic Engineering

论文配图:NeuroRisk: Physics-Informed Neural Optimization for Risk-Aware Traffic Engineering
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于排序选择结构设计可微分神经优化器,平衡表达力与求解效率
  • 在真实规模广域网上实现接近最优解,速度提升100到10万倍
  • 适合需高利用率且强容灾要求的生产级网络调度场景

在生产级广域网中,相关故障主导了可用性损失,迫使运维人员预留大量安全冗余,导致容量严重闲置。要在严格可用性目标下实现高利用率,需在数十至数百种概率性故障场景下进行风险感知流量工程(TE),但现有方法难以在操作时延内求解。本文揭示,现有风险感知模型可统一为嵌入式排序-选择结构,暴露表达力与可计算性间的根本权衡:传统优化器或限制场景选择以保证效率,或因分解成本过高而不可行。尽管深度学习具潜力,现有深度流量工程方法主要追求链路最大利用率,依赖缩放可行性,在显式容量约束和场景相关风险下失效。我们提出NeuroRisk,一种物理启发的深度展开优化器,利用排序-选择结构特性。通过门控边局部预留确保可行性,并以排列不变、梯度对齐的提示表示场景集。在仿真实际广域网上的评估表明,NeuroRisk相对于求解器实现极小的优化差距,风险目标求解速度提升10²–10⁵倍,同时在正常吞吐量上优于神经基线。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In production Wide-Area Networks (WANs), correlated failures dominate availability losses, forcing operators to reserve large safety margins that leave substantial capacity underutilized. Achieving high utilization under strict availability targets therefore requires risk-aware Traffic Engineering (TE) over dozens to hundreds of probabilistic failure scenarios-yet solving this problem at operational timescales remains elusive. We demonstrate that existing risk-aware formulations can be unified under an embedded Sort-and-Select structure, exposing a fundamental trade-off between expressiveness and tractability: classical optimizers either restrict scenario selection for efficiency or incur prohibitive decomposition costs. While deep learning appears promising, prior Deep TE methods mainly target maximum link utilization and rely on scaling-based feasibility, which fundamentally breaks under explicit capacity constraints and scenario-dependent risk. We present NeuroRisk, a physics-informed deep unrolled optimizer that exploits the structure of Sort-and-Select. NeuroRisk enforces feasibility via gated edge-local reservations and represents scenario sets through permutation-invariant, gradient-aligned cues. Evaluations on production-style WANs show that NeuroRisk achieves small optimality gaps relative to the solver with orders of magnitude speedup $(10^2- 10^5 \times)$ on risk objectives, while outperforming neural baselines on nominal throughput.

网络优化风险感知神经优化流量工程

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