通过语音分析发现，能说清解题思路的人进步更快。
Leveraging Speech to Identify Signatures of Insight and Transfer in Problem Solving
- 让189人边解题边自言自语，对比相同与不同类型题目下的表现
- 相同题型组进步更快，且说话量和内容变化更明显
- 能自发命名题型者更易迁移解法，说明可表达性是关键
许多问题需要顿悟才能解决。本研究让189名参与者在解答五道‘火柴算术’题时全程自言自语。这些题目要么都依赖同一种非显性解法（相同组），要么每次不同（不同组）。结果发现，相同组参与者进步更快。我们利用自然语言处理技术分析其言语，发现该组不仅说话更多，而且更倾向于自发地为当前题型命名。这表明，可被口头报告的顿悟更易实现知识迁移，即使其深层机制仍难以言表。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Many problems seem to require a flash of insight to solve. What form do these sudden insights take, and what impact do they have on how people approach similar problems in the future? In this work, we prompted participants (N = 189) to think aloud as they attempted to solve a sequence of five "matchstick-arithmetic" problems. These problems either all relied on the same kind of non-obvious solution (Same group) or a different kind each time (Different group). Our first observation was that Same participants improved more rapidly than Different participants. We then leveraged techniques from natural language processing to analyze participants' speech, and found that this accelerated improvement for Same participants was accompanied by changes in both how much they spoke and what they said. In particular, they were more likely to spontaneously label the kind of problem they were working on. Taken together, these findings suggest that a hallmark of transferable insights is their accessibility for verbal report, even if the underlying precursors of insight remain difficult to articulate.
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