arXiv:2605.13021cs.LGcs.AI2026-05被引 1

提出新型图粗化方法,速度提升10倍且内存线性增长。

Rethinking Efficient Graph Coarsening via a Non-Selfishness Principle

论文配图:Rethinking Efficient Graph Coarsening via a Non-Selfishness Principle
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 采用非自私原则,优先考虑邻域整体干扰而非节点独立匹配。
  • NOPE*算法实现近线性计算复杂度,高阶节点处理提速1.8-10倍。
  • 适用于大规模图推理,尤其适合大模型图任务的高效建模。

图粗化是一种降维技术,旨在保留原始图的结构与语义特性的同时构建更小、更易处理的图。然而,现有方法多依赖成对相似性匹配,每个节点独立基于全局信息寻找最优伙伴,造成显著的计算与内存开销。为此,本文转向非自私性原则,强调邻域集体干扰在粗化中的作用,提出高效方法NOPE,实现线性内存消耗和接近线性的计算复杂度。进一步提出更快的变体NOPE*,基于局部各向同性假设,将O(δ·d)的干扰评估降至O(d),有效缓解高阶节点的计算瓶颈。实验表明,NOPE*相比NOPE提速1.8–10倍,较多数基线加速1–3个数量级;在粗化图上学习的表现与原图相当,甚至优于基于大语言模型的图推理,得益于紧凑的图信息表示。代码已开源于https://github.com/dazonglian/NOPE-main。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Graph coarsening is a graph dimensionality reduction technique that aims to construct a smaller and more tractable graph while preserving the essential structural and semantic properties of the original graph. However, most existing methods rely on pair-wise similarity matching, where each node independently searches for its best partner based on global information. This selfishness matching paradigm incurs substantial computational and memory overhead. To address this problem, we shift to a non-selfishness principle that prioritizes the collective interference of neighborhood in coarsening, and propose an efficient method named NOPE, which achieves linear memory consumption and near-linear computational complexity in the number of nodes. Furthermore, we derive a faster variant NOPE*, which reduces O(δ\dot d) interference evaluation to O(d) based on the local isotropy assumption, and consequently alleviates the computational bottleneck for high-degree nodes. Experimental results show that NOPE* achieves 1.8-10\times speedup over NOPE and surpass almost all baselines with 1-3 orders of magnitude acceleration. Meanwhile, learning on coarsened graphs yields comparable performance to original graphs, and can even show superior performance over LLM-based graph reasoning owing to compact graph information. The code can be available at https://github.com/dazonglian/NOPE-main.

图粗化高效算法大模型

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