用专用工具模型分解长任务,提升机器人长期规划成功率
Towards Long-horizon Embodied Agents with Tool-Aligned Vision-Language-Action Models

- 将长任务拆解为高层规划与专用工具执行,分工协作
- 在LIBERO-Long上成功率达74.8%,RoboTwin上达91.1%
- 适合需要复杂操作的智能体系统开发人员参考
视觉-语言-动作(VLA)模型在机器人动作执行中表现优异,但在长时序任务中受限于闭环规划冗长和物理操作多样。为此,我们提出VLAs-as-Tools策略:由高层视觉语言模型(VLM)负责场景分析、全局规划与故障恢复,配合一系列专用VLA工具执行局部子任务。为实现两者高效协同,设计了支持显式工具选择与执行进度反馈的工具接口,实现事件触发式重规划,无需持续轮询。为进一步提升工具对指令的忠实响应,提出工具对齐后训练(TAPT),构建调用对齐训练单元并引入工具族残差适配器,实现高效专业化。实验表明,该方法在LIBERO-Long上将π_{0.5}成功率提升4.8点至74.8%,在RoboTwin上提升23.1点至91.1%,调用忠实度提升15.0点(非偏见率)。代码将公开。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Vision-language-action (VLA) models are effective robot action executors, but they remain limited on long-horizon tasks due to the dual burden of extended closed-loop planning and diverse physical operations. We therefore propose VLAs-as-Tools, a strategy that distributes this burden across a high-level vision language model (VLM) agent for temporal reasoning and a family of specialized VLA tools for diverse local physical operations. The VLM handles scene analysis, global planning, and recovery, while each VLA tool executes a bounded subtask. To tightly couple agent planning with VLA tool execution in long-horizon tasks, we introduce a VLA tool-family interface that exposes explicit tool selection and in-execution progress feedback, enabling efficient event-triggered agent replanning without continuous agent polling. To obtain diverse specialized VLA tools that faithfully follow agent invocations, we further propose Tool-Aligned Post-Training (TAPT), which constructs invocation-aligned training units for instruction following and adopts tool-family residual adapters for efficient tool specialization. Experiments show that VLAs-as-Tools improves the success rate of $π_{0.5}$ by 4.8 points on LIBERO-Long and 23.1 points on RoboTwin, and further enhances invocation fidelity by 15.0 points as measured by Non-biased Rate. Code will be released.
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