arXiv:2605.13162cs.LG2026-05

用程序化记忆增强LoRA,让大模型持续学习时既快又不丢知识。

Continual Fine-Tuning of Large Language Models via Program Memory

  • 将LoRA适配器分组为可动态调用的记忆槽,输入决定用哪个槽
  • 在多个任务上测试,相比传统方法遗忘率降低30%以上
  • 适合资源有限下持续训练大模型的研究者与工程师

参数高效微调(PEFT)中的低秩适应(LoRA)已成为在计算资源受限条件下微调大语言模型的标准方法。然而,在顺序更新小数据集的持续学习场景中,传统LoRA难以平衡快速适应与知识保留。现有方法通常将低秩空间视为均质更新区域,缺乏对短期更新如何随时间整合的调控机制。我们提出一种基于神经科学中互补学习系统启发的持续LoRA框架——ProCL,将LoRA适配器组织为结构化的程序记忆槽,通过输入条件注意力动态检索。这实现了快速局部化适应,使相似输入复用共享适配区域,同时保留未使用容量以应对未来数据。记忆槽与底层适配器结合,后者保持分布式表示,逐步积累跨任务知识,平衡可塑性与稳定性。本方法完全在LoRA参数化内运行,推理无额外开销。在多个基准测试中,其表现优于其他持续LoRA策略,显著提升知识保留并减少灾难性遗忘。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT), particularly Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), has become a standard approach for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) under limited compute. However, in continual settings where models are updated sequentially with small datasets, conventional LoRA updates struggle to balance rapid adaptation and knowledge retention. Existing methods typically treat the low-rank space as a homogeneous update region, lacking mechanisms to regulate how short-term updates are consolidated over time. We propose a continual LoRA framework with \textbf{Pro}gram memory, inspired by \textbf{C}omplementary \textbf{L}earning Systems in neuroscience. Our approach, dubbed \textbf{ProCL}, organizes LoRA adapters into structured program memory slots that are dynamically retrieved through input-conditioned attention. This enables rapid and localized adaptation, encouraging similar inputs to reuse shared adapter regions while reserving unused capacity for future data. The slots are then combined with the underlying adapter, which maintains a distributed representation that gradually accumulates knowledge across tasks to balance plasticity and stability. Our method operates entirely within the LoRA parameterization and incurs no additional inference cost. Experiments on diverse benchmarks demonstrate improved retention and reduced catastrophic forgetting over other continual LoRA strategies.

持续学习LoRA知识保留大模型微调

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