arXiv:2605.13217cs.CLcs.AI2026-05被引 6

无需价值函数,精准分配多轮任务中的奖励归属。

GAGPO: Generalized Advantage Grouped Policy Optimization

论文配图:GAGPO: Generalized Advantage Grouped Policy Optimization
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 从采样轨迹构建非参数化分组价值代理,递归回传奖励信号。
  • 在ALFWorld和WebShop上超越强基线,早期学习更快、效率更高。
  • 适合需要精确时序奖励分配的复杂多步智能体任务。

强化学习已成为大语言模型智能体后训练的强大范式,但在多轮环境中信用分配仍具挑战。智能体通常仅在回合结束时获得稀疏的全局奖励,难以判断中间动作对成败的贡献。因此,在不依赖昂贵辅助价值模型的前提下,将延迟结果准确回传至具体决策步骤仍是开放问题。本文提出一种无评价值强化学习方法GAGPO,实现精确的时序信用分配。GAGPO通过采样轨迹构建非参数化分组价值代理,计算类似TD/GAE的时序优势,并递归将结果监督信号向后传播。结合分组优势归一化与动作级重要性比率,直接从多轮轨迹中提取稳定、局部的优化信号。在ALFWorld和WebShop上的实验表明,GAGPO优于多个强基线。进一步分析显示其具备更快的初期学习速度、更高的交互效率和更平滑的优化动态,证明GAGPO为多轮智能体强化学习提供了一种简洁而有效的框架。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Reinforcement learning has become a powerful paradigm for post-training large language model agents, yet credit assignment in multi-turn environments remains a challenge. Agents often receive sparse, trajectory-level rewards only at the end of an episode, making it difficult to determine which intermediate actions contributed to success or failure. As a result, propagating delayed outcomes back to individual decision steps without relying on costly auxiliary value models remains an open problem. We propose Generalized Advantage Grouped Policy Optimization (GAGPO), a critic-free reinforcement learning method for precise, step-aligned temporal credit assignment. GAGPO constructs a non-parametric grouped value proxy from sampled rollouts and uses it to compute TD/GAE-style temporal advantages, recursively propagating outcome supervision backward through time. Combined with group-wise advantage normalization and an action-level importance ratio, GAGPO extracts stable, localized optimization signals directly from multi-turn trajectories. Experiments on ALFWorld and WebShop show that GAGPO outperforms strong reinforcement learning baselines. Further analyses demonstrate faster early-stage learning, improved interaction efficiency, and smoother optimization dynamics, suggesting that GAGPO offers a simple yet effective framework for multi-turn agentic reinforcement learning.

强化学习多轮任务信用分配智能体

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