arXiv:2605.13451cs.CL2026-05

解决医学实体链接中跨句一致性问题,提升长文档关联实体的准确率。

LongBEL: Long-Context and Document-Consistent Biomedical Entity Linking

论文配图:LongBEL: Long-Context and Document-Consistent Biomedical Entity Linking
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于全文档上下文与预测记忆的生成框架,实现跨句实体关联。
  • 在多语言数据集上显著优于单句基线,复发概念链接准确率提升明显。
  • 适合需要高一致性的医学文献分析、知识图谱构建等场景。

医学实体链接将文本提及映射到结构化知识库(如UMLS或SNOMED CT)中的概念。现有系统通常独立处理每个提及,仅依赖提及本身或其所在句子,忽略了同一文档中提及之间的依赖关系,导致预测不一致,尤其当同一概念以不同表面形式出现时。我们提出LongBEL,一种文档级生成框架,结合全文档上下文与先前预测的记忆。为增强记忆鲁棒性,LongBEL采用交叉验证预测而非真实标签进行训练,降低训练与推理间的差异,减少错误传播。在英、法、西三语共五个生物医学基准上的实验表明,LongBEL优于句子级生成基线,尤其在概念频繁重复出现的数据集上提升最大。局部、全局与记忆型变体的集成在所有基准上表现最佳。进一步分析显示,最大增益集中在重复出现的概念上,说明LongBEL主要提升了文档级一致性,而非孤立提及消歧。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Biomedical entity linking maps textual mentions to concepts in structured knowledge bases such as UMLS or SNOMED CT. Most existing systems link each mention independently, using only the mention or its surrounding sentence. This ignores dependencies between mentions in the same document and can lead to inconsistent predictions, especially when the same concept appears under different surface forms. We introduce LongBEL, a document-level generative framework that combines full-document context with a memory of previous predictions. To make this memory robust, LongBEL is trained with cross-validated predictions rather than gold labels, reducing the mismatch between training and inference and limiting cascading errors. Experiments on five biomedical benchmarks across English, French, and Spanish show that LongBEL improves over sentence-level generative baselines, with the largest gains on datasets where concepts frequently recur within documents. An ensemble of local, global, and memory-based variants achieves the best results across all benchmarks. Further analysis shows that the largest gains occur on recurring concepts, suggesting that LongBEL mainly improves document-level consistency rather than isolated mention disambiguation.

实体链接医学AI长文本一致性

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