arXiv:2605.13754cs.RO2026-05

仅用一次示范,机器人就能重复建造任意长度的墙或安装多块天花板。

Manipulation Planning for Construction Activities with Repetitive Tasks

论文配图:Manipulation Planning for Construction Activities with Repetitive Tasks
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 利用螺旋运动几何逼近操作动作,通过单次示范生成重复任务序列。
  • 7自由度机械臂在仿真与实机中均成功完成长距离精确砌墙和多块吊顶安装。
  • 适合需要高精度重复操作的建筑自动化场景,如预制构件装配。

本文研究重复性施工任务(如砌墙或安装吊顶)中的操作技能获取问题。我们构建虚拟现实(VR)环境,让用户演示所需的操作技能。通过螺旋运动几何将示范动作近似为一系列恒定螺旋运动。针对施工任务,生成一系列操作实例,并使用螺旋线性插值(ScLERP)和解析运动速率控制(RMRC)计算每个实例对应的关节空间运动规划。我们在仿真与硬件上验证了该框架,执行了两个典型任务:砌砖墙和安装多个吊顶板。每项任务仅需一次示范——砖块的拾取放置动作和单个吊顶安装动作。实验表明,该方法能稳健推广至任意长度、高精度要求的重复性施工任务。例如,仅通过一次‘叠放一块砖’的示范,即可实现任意布局与长度的墙体建造。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In this paper, we study the problem of manipulation skill acquisition for performing construction activities consisting of repetitive tasks (e.g., building a wall or installing ceiling tiles). Our approach involves setting up a simulated construction activity in a Virtual Reality (VR) environment, where the user can provide demonstrations of the object manipulation skills needed to perform the construction activity. We then exploit the screw geometry of motion to approximate the demonstrated motion as a sequence of constant screw motions. For performing the construction activity, we generate the sequence of manipulation task instances and then compute the joint space motion plan corresponding to each instance using Screw Linear Interpolation (ScLERP) and Resolved Motion Rate Control (RMRC). We evaluate our framework by executing two representative construction tasks: constructing brick walls and installing multiple ceiling tiles. Each task is performed using only a single demonstration, a pick-and-place action for the bricks, and a single ceiling tile installation. Our experiments with a 7-DoF robot in both simulation and hardware demonstrate that the approach generalizes robustly to arbitrarily long construction activities that involve repetitive motions and demand precision, even when provided with just one demonstration. For instance, we can construct walls of arbitrary layout and length by leveraging a single demonstration of placing one brick on top of another.

机器人操作重复任务螺旋运动施工自动化

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