arXiv:2605.13988cs.LGquant-ph2026-05

用神经场解决钻石氮空位量子传感的反问题,提升稀疏磁噪声源定位精度。

Neural Fields for NV-Center Inverse Sensing

论文配图:Neural Fields for NV-Center Inverse Sensing
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 设计无摊销的坐标神经场模型,结合可微分量子前向模型与多尺度优化。
  • 在合成数据上实现最优定位与分布匹配,相比传统方法显著减少中心坍缩失效。
  • 适合对量子传感、物理可解释性神经反问题感兴趣的科研人员。

科学传感中的反问题通常依赖人工设计的正则化或基于模拟标签训练的监督网络,但当正向模型非线性、频谱耦合且物理敏感时,这些方法可能失效。本文研究基于钻石中氮空位(NV)中心的噪声感知问题,该量子传感器测量由稀疏自旋源生成的磁噪声谱。我们发现,将常见的标量/相干正向近似替换为张量幂次求和的偶极子算子后,会改变反问题的景观,并暴露自由密度优化中的中心坍缩失效模式。为此提出NeTMY:一种与可微分NV正向模型耦合的无摊销坐标神经场,采用退火位置编码、多尺度优化、稀疏性/门控机制及谱保真损失。在修正算子生成的稀疏合成重建中,NeTMY在测试基准上取得最佳定位与分布度量。机制实验表明,NeTMY不直接执行原始密度空间梯度;其参数化平滑并重新分配更新,缓解了中心坍缩病态。这些结果将NV量子传感定位为物理忠实神经反问题的优质测试平台。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Inverse problems in scientific sensing are often solved with either hand-designed regularizers or supervised networks trained on simulated labels, yet both can fail when the forward model is nonlinear, spectrally coupled, and physically delicate. We study this issue for noise sensing based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, where a quantum sensor measures magnetic-noise spectra generated by sparse spin sources. We show that replacing a common scalar/coherent forward approximation with a tensor power-summed dipolar operator changes the inverse landscape and exposes a center-collapse failure mode in free-density optimization. We propose NeTMY, an amortization-free coordinate neural field coupled to the differentiable NV forward model, with annealed positional encoding, multiscale optimization, sparsity/gating, and spectrum-fidelity losses. Across sparse synthetic reconstructions generated by the corrected operator, NeTMY achieves the best localization and distributional metrics in the tested benchmark. Mechanism experiments show that NeTMY does not directly execute the raw density-space gradient; its parameterization smooths and redistributes updates, mitigating the center-collapse pathology. These results position NV quantum sensing as a useful testbed for physics-faithful neural inverse problems.

量子传感神经场反问题

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。