arXiv:2605.14171cs.LGcs.NI2026-05被引 1

用自监督学习让Wi-Fi信号感知更省标签,多任务通用。

CSI-JEPA: Towards Foundation Representations for Ubiquitous Sensing with Minimal Supervision

论文配图:CSI-JEPA: Towards Foundation Representations for Ubiquitous Sensing with Minimal Supervision
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过预测被遮掩的信道区域特征,从无标签数据中学习通用表征。
  • 在7个真实场景任务中,准确率提升最高达10.64个百分点,标签需求减少98%。
  • 适合需要低成本标注的智能感知应用,如智能家居、健康监测。

信道状态信息(CSI)是一种广泛可用的感知模态,可用于人体与环境感知,但现有模型通常依赖特定任务的有监督训练,需为每个任务、设备、用户或环境收集大量标注数据,限制了实际部署中的可扩展性。本文提出CSI-JEPA,一种面向低标签成本、多任务Wi-Fi感知的自监督预测表征学习框架。该方法通过从可见上下文中预测被遮掩的信道区域潜在特征,从无标签CSI样本中学习可复用的时频表征。为匹配CSI物理结构,模型沿时间和子载波维度对信道响应幅度窗进行分块,并设计了一种考虑信道变化的掩码策略,优先选取局部时序与子载波域变化更强的区域作为预测目标。预训练后,编码器冻结作为主干,仅添加轻量级任务适配器用于下游感知任务。我们在七个真实世界Wi-Fi感知任务上评估该方法,覆盖多样目标与部署场景。结果表明,相比先进基线模型,CSI-JEPA显著提升下游性能,平均准确率最高提升10.64个百分点,同时实现最高达98.0%的标签节省。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Channel state information (CSI) provides a widely available sensing modality for human and environment perception, but existing CSI sensing models usually rely on task-specific supervised training and require substantial labeled data for each task, device, user, or environment. This limits their scalability in practical deployments where unlabeled CSI is abundant but labeled data is costly to collect. In this paper, we present CSI-JEPA, a self-supervised predictive representation learning framework for label-efficient, multi-task Wi-Fi sensing. CSI-JEPA learns reusable temporal-spectral representations from unlabeled CSI samples by predicting latent features of masked channel regions from visible context. To better match the physical structure of CSI, CSI-JEPA tokenizes channel-response amplitude windows along the time and subcarrier dimensions. It then introduces a channel variation-aware masking strategy that samples predictive targets from regions with stronger local temporal and subcarrier-domain variations. After pretraining, the encoder is frozen and used as a backbone, with lightweight task-specific adapters added for downstream sensing tasks. We evaluate CSI-JEPA on seven real-world Wi-Fi sensing tasks spanning diverse objectives and deployment settings. The results show that CSI-JEPA improves downstream sensing performance over competitive baselines, achieving up to 10.64 percentage points mean accuracy gain over state-of-the-art supervised Transformer and matched-budget label savings of up to 98.0%.

自监督学习无线感知低标签多任务

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