arXiv:2605.14205cs.AI2026-05被引 1

用点击流数据自动学习买家类型,让电商智能体更真实地模拟不同用户行为。

SimPersona: Learning Discrete Buyer Personas from Raw Clickstreams for Grounded E-Commerce Agents

论文配图:SimPersona: Learning Discrete Buyer Personas from Raw Clickstreams for Grounded E-Commerce Agents
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过行为感知的VQ-VAE从原始点击流中提取离散买家类型
  • 在42个线上店铺上实现78%转化率与真实用户对齐
  • 无需调参即可为不同买家类型生成个性化智能体,适合大规模电商仿真

基于大模型的网页代理能导航实时商品页面,但常退化为单一‘平均买家’策略,无法捕捉真实买家群体的多样性。现有个性化方法依赖人工设计的提示词角色,存在脆弱、难扩展、上下文效率低且无法忠实反映群体行为的问题。我们提出SimPersona框架,从历史流量中学习离散买家类型,并将其作为紧凑的角色令牌提供给基于大模型的网页代理。给定原始点击流,一个行为感知的VQ-VAE构建离散买家类型空间,捕捉真实买家行为的统计结构及商家特有的买家分布。为向代理提供行为特定引导,SimPersona将每个学习到的买家类型映射为大模型词汇表中的专用角色令牌,并在真实浏览轨迹上微调代理。推理时,每个合成买家仅需一次编码前传即可分配到对应买家类型,无需重训练或店铺定制提示工程。对于群体级模拟,SimPersona从各商家经验分布中采样买家类型,并使用相应角色令牌实例化代理,保持商家特异性买家分布。在覆盖837万买家的42个保留线上店铺上评估,该方法实现78%的转化率与真实买家对齐,表现出可解释的行为差异,且在目标导向购物任务上超越参数量大8倍的基线。我们还开源了一个数据管道,可将原始电商事件日志转换为买家表征和代理训练轨迹。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

LLM-based web agents can navigate live storefronts, yet they often collapse to a single "average buyer" policy, failing to capture the heterogeneous and distributional nature of real buyer populations. Existing personalization methods rely on hand-crafted prompt-based personas that are brittle, difficult to scale, context-inefficient, and unable to faithfully represent population-level behavior. We introduce SimPersona, a novel framework that learns discrete buyer types from historical traffic and exposes them to LLM-based web agents as compact persona tokens. Given raw clickstreams, a behavior-aware VQ-VAE induces a discrete buyer-type space that captures the statistical structure of real buyer behavior and merchant-specific buyer population distributions. To provide behavior-specific guidance to LLM-based web agents, SimPersona maps each learned buyer type to a dedicated persona token in the LLM agent vocabulary and fine-tunes the agent with these tokens on real browsing traces. At inference, each synthetic buyer is assigned to a learned buyer type with a single encoder forward pass, requiring no retraining or store-specific prompt engineering. For population-level simulation, SimPersona samples buyer types from each merchant's empirical distribution over the learned VQ-VAE codebook and instantiates agents with the corresponding persona tokens, preserving merchant-specific buyer population distributions. Evaluated on $8.37$M buyers across $42$ held-out live storefronts, SimPersona achieves $78\%$ conversion-rate alignment with real buyers, exhibits interpretable behavioral variation across buyer types, and outperforms a baseline with $8\times$ more parameters on goal-oriented shopping tasks. We further release an open-source data pipeline that converts raw e-commerce event logs into buyer representations and agent-training traces.

电商智能体买家画像行为建模大模型应用

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