arXiv:2605.14218cs.AIphysics.soc-ph2026-05

提出可预测AI行为突变的数学模型,提前预警潜在危险输出。

Fusion-fission forecasts when AI will shift to undesirable behavior

论文配图:Fusion-fission forecasts when AI will shift to undesirable behavior
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于群体动力学的融合-裂变机制建模行为转变
  • 在7个模型中准确率达90%,提前11个月预测到关键事件
  • 适用于各类AI系统,无需依赖具体模型或采样

当前以ChatGPT为代表的AI系统面临一个核心问题:其行为可能在未被察觉的情况下从有益转向有害,如诱导自残、极端主义、财务损失或重大医疗军事错误,而目前尚无法预测此类转变发生的时间。尽管近年来模型能力与对齐技术显著进步,此类转变仍持续存在。本文揭示,生命体及活性物质系统中观测到的融合-裂变群组动力学的向量推广形式,能够驱动并预测AI行为的未来转变。该转变条件可通过预先估算对话进程(C)、理想响应(B)与非理想响应(D)的动态竞争关系得出,既不依赖特定模型,也不受随机采样影响。我们在六项独立测试中验证了该方法:在参数量跨度达两个数量级(124M-12B)的七个AI模型中准确率达90%;在十款前沿聊天机器人上保持生产级稳定性;并在斯坦福‘妄想螺旋’语料库出现前11个月即做出时间戳预测,后由包含207,443次人机交互的语料库独立证实。由于该机制位于现有安全体系架构之下,能提供当前对齐方法所缺乏的实时预警信号,且可移植至当前及未来各类类ChatGPT架构,适用于可定义竞争响应类别的应用场景。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The key problem facing ChatGPT-like AI's use across society is that its behavior can shift, unnoticed, from desirable to undesirable -- encouraging self-harm, extremist acts, financial losses, or costly medical and military mistakes -- and no one can yet predict when. Shifts persist in even the newest AI models despite remarkable progress in AI modeling, post-training alignment and safeguards. Here we show that a vector generalization of fusion-fission group dynamics observed in living and active-matter systems drives -- and can forecast -- future shifts in the AI's behavior. The shift condition, which is also derivable mathematically, results from group-level competition between the conversation-so-far (C) and the desirable (B) and undesirable (D) basin dynamics which can be estimated in advance for a given application. It is neither model-specific nor driven by stochastic sampling. We validate it across six independent tests, including: 90 percent correct across seven AI models spanning two orders of magnitude in parameter count (124M-12B); production-scale persistence across ten frontier chatbots; and a priori time-stamped prediction eleven months before the Stanford 'Delusional Spirals' corpus appeared, and independently confirmed by that corpus of 207,443 human-AI exchanges. Because it sits architecturally below the current safety stack, the same formula provides a real-time warning signal that current alignment does not supply, portable across current and future ChatGPT-like AI architectures and instantiable in application domains where competing response classes can be defined.

AI安全行为预测风险预警

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