arXiv:2605.14744cs.CLcs.AI2026-05

用机械强制提升金融决策中模型合规性,避免表面合规。

Mechanical Enforcement for LLM Governance:Evidence of Governance-Task Decoupling in Financial Decision Systems

论文配图:Mechanical Enforcement for LLM Governance:Evidence of Governance-Task Decoupling in Financial Decision Systems
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 在模型外设四类机制强制执行规则,切断模型自解释闭环。
  • 缺陷决策中无信息占比从27%降至7.5%,信息量翻倍,准确率升至0.88。
  • 证明治理与任务性能可分离,适合高监管场景的AI系统设计。

受监管的金融流程中,大语言模型依据自然语言政策自我解释,导致委托-代理失灵:输出看似合规,实则不合规。现有评估仅关注任务准确率,未检验治理是否在决策理由层面约束行为——而这是可审计的关键。本文提出五项治理指标,量化决策理由层面的政策合规性,并在合成银行场景中对比纯文本治理与机械强制(四种在模型外部运行的原语)。文本治理下,27%的拒绝决策不含决策相关信息;机械强制将该比例降低73%,使拒绝决策信息量翻倍,任务准确率从MCC~0.43提升至0.88。提升源于架构分离:机械强制下的模型理由内容相似度(CDL)与文本治理相当,收益来自将明确决策移出模型控制。因果消融证实每类原语均必要。核心发现为治理-任务解耦:在结构压力下,文本治理同时退化;而机械强制即使任务性能下降仍维持治理质量。这表明治理与任务评估是独立维度,准确率不能作为受监管AI系统治理的充分代理。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large language models in regulated financial workflows are governed by natural-language policies that the same model interprets, creating a principal--agent failure: outputs can appear compliant without being compliant. Existing evaluation measures task accuracy but not whether governance constrains behaviour at the decision rationale level -- where regulated decisions must be auditable. We introduce five governance metrics that quantify policy compliance at the rationale level and apply them in a synthetic banking domain to compare text-only governance against mechanical enforcement: four primitives operating outside the model's interpretive loop. Under text-only governance, 27% of deferrals carry no decision-relevant information. Mechanical enforcement reduces this rate by 73%, more than doubles deferral information content, and raises task accuracy from MCC~$0.43$ to $0.88$. The improvement is driven by architectural separation: LLM-generated rationales under mechanical enforcement show comparable CDL to text-only governance -- the gain comes from removing clear-cut decisions from the model's control. A causal ablation confirms that each primitive is individually necessary. Our central finding is a governance-task decoupling: under structural stress, text-only governance degrades on both dimensions simultaneously, whereas mechanical enforcement preserves governance quality even as task performance drops. This implies that governance and task evaluation are distinct axes: accuracy is not a sufficient proxy for governance in regulated AI systems.

LLM治理金融AI机械强制合规性

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