arXiv:2605.14939physics.plasm-phcs.LG2026-05被引 2

用神经网络实时生成等离子体形状控制的虚拟电路,提升调控精度与适应性。

Real-time virtual circuits for plasma shape control via neural network emulators

论文配图:Real-time virtual circuits for plasma shape control via neural network emulators
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 构建百万级仿真平衡态数据库,训练可微神经网络以实时推导虚拟电路
  • 在多样化等离子体状态下保持高精度与参数解耦性,误差低于预设阈值
  • 适用于快速变化的等离子体场景,适合聚变装置实时控制研发者使用

托卡马克等离子体的可靠位置与形状控制需对多个强耦合形状参数进行精确实时调节。通过虚拟电路(VCs)解耦这些耦合,可实现特定格拉德-夏弗兰诺夫(GS)平衡下的独立参数控制。目前数值计算VCs无法实现实时处理,因此通常在实验前基于少量参考GS平衡预先计算,每个VC仅在预设时间段内有效。该方法在远离参考平衡或轨迹时性能下降,且难以设计鲁棒控制策略应对快速变化的等离子体构型。本文构建基于神经网络的等离子体形状参数模拟器,从中实时推导VCs,为MAST升级装置(MAST-U)提供状态感知的实时控制能力。我们开发了覆盖大量MAST-U运行空间的超百万级仿真GS平衡态库,所建模型为可微函数,其梯度可快速计算,从而实现准确的实时虚拟电路推导。通过测试验证,所生成的虚拟电路能有效解耦控制问题,在多种平衡态下均保持高精度与正交性。本工作证实了模拟虚拟电路作为预计算方案的可扩展、通用替代方案具有物理合理性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Reliable position and shape control in tokamak plasmas requires accurate real-time regulation of several strongly coupled shape parameters. The control vectors that disentangle these couplings, referred to as \textit{virtual circuits} (VCs), enable independent shape parameter control for a specific Grad--Shafranov (GS) equilibrium. Numerical calculation of VCs is not currently feasible in real time, therefore VCs are usually computed prior to each experiment, using a small number of reference GS equilibria sampled along the desired scenario trajectory, with each VC used to control the plasma within a preset time interval. While effective near the reference equilibrium, this approach can lead to degraded performance as the plasma departs from the reference equilibrium and/or from the desired trajectory, and it complicates the design of robust control strategies for rapidly evolving plasma configurations. In this paper, we construct neural-network-based emulators of plasma shape parameters from which VCs can be derived, to provide the MAST Upgrade (MAST-U) plasma control system with state-aware VCs in real-time. To do this, we develop an extensive library of over a million simulated GS equilibria, covering a substantial portion of the MAST-U operational space. These emulators provide differentiable functions whose gradients can be rapidly computed, enabling the derivation of accurate VCs for real-time shape control. We perform extensive verification of the emulated VCs by testing whether they disentangle the control problem. The neural-network-based approach delivers high accuracy and orthogonality across a diverse range of equilibria. This work establishes the physical validity of emulated VCs as a scalable and general alternative to schedules of precomputed VCs.

等离子体控制神经网络实时系统聚变能源

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