用行为数据生成起重机最优轨迹,减少摆动、省时省电。
Behavioral Data-Driven Optimal Trajectory Generation for Rotary Cranes
- 基于实测数据和系统辨识理论,无需精确模型
- 摆动减少35%,跟踪误差降43%,行程快50%
- 适合缺乏专家经验的工程场景快速部署
随着建筑业发展与熟练工人短缺,起重机自动化对安全高效作业愈发关键。自动控制的核心挑战在于运动过程中减少吊载摆动,主要依赖合理的回转轨迹设计。传统基于模型的方法依赖精确动力学模型和人工调参,难以兼顾安全与精度;许多学习方法则需大量数据和高算力。本文提出一种行为数据驱动框架,用于生成旋转起重机的开环回转轨迹,有效抑制吊载摆动,同时降低运行时间和能耗。该方法基于Willems基本引理及其推广,绕过显式系统建模,直接利用测量输入输出数据。文中给出实用工作流程,减少对专家知识的依赖。尽管起重机系统具有欠驱动特性,方法仍能通过有限数据识别非参数化系统行为,并利用凸优化生成平滑最优轨迹。在实验室起重机上验证,相比经典模型方法,实现最高35%的摆动抑制、43%的跟踪误差降低和50%的行程时间缩短。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
With the growth of the construction industry and the global shortage of skilled labor, the automation of crane control has become increasingly important for safe and efficient operations. A central challenge in automatic crane control is the reduction of load oscillations during motion, which is primarily addressed through appropriate slewing trajectories. In this context, classical model-based control methods rely on accurate dynamical models and expert tuning, and often struggle to meet safety and precision requirements, while many learning-based approaches require large data sets and significant computational resources. This paper proposes a behavioral data-driven framework for generating open-loop slewing trajectories for rotary cranes that suppress load sway while reducing operation time and energy consumption. The approach builds on Willems' fundamental lemma and its generalizations, to bypass explicit system modeling and operate directly on measured input-output data. A practical workflow is presented in this paper to reduce the need for expert knowledge. Despite the underactuated nature of the crane dynamics, the method identifies a nonparametric representation of the system behavior and generates smooth, optimal trajectories using limited data and convex optimization. The proposed trajectory generation method is validated on a laboratory crane setup and compared against an established model-based approach, achieving up to 35% reduction in load sway, 43% reduction in tracking error, and 50% reduction in travel time.
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