研究发现简短的AI披露会增加读者注视时间,详细披露则无负担。
Towards Gaze-Informed AI Disclosure Interfaces: Eye-Tracking Attentional and Cognitive Load While Reading AI-Assisted News

- 通过眼动追踪和NASA-TLX评估不同披露方式对注意力与认知负荷的影响。
- 一行式披露导致注视时长和眼跳次数显著增加,尤其在AI编辑内容时。
- 建议采用动态透明度设计,根据阅读状态调整披露细节,适合新闻平台使用。
随着生成式AI日益融入新闻业,如何设计既有效又不增加负担的AI使用披露成为关键挑战。以往研究多关注信任与可信度,而对披露对读者注意力与认知负荷的影响仍缺乏探索。本研究采用3×2×2混合因子实验,操控披露详细程度(无、一行、详细)、新闻类型(政治、生活)及AI角色(编辑、部分内容生成),通过NASA-TLX量表与眼动追踪测量负荷。结果表明:一行式披露显著增加注视时长与眼跳次数,尤其在AI编辑内容时;详细披露未带来额外负担。瞳孔直径与NASA-TLX评分在各条件下无显著差异,说明披露本身不增加认知负荷。访谈显示读者偏好详细或按需展示的披露方式。研究支持基于眼动行为的自适应披露界面设计,可依读者注意力模式与新闻情境动态调整透明度。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
As generative AI becomes increasingly integrated into journalism, designing effective AI-use disclosures that inform readers without imposing unnecessary burden is a key challenge. While prior research has primarily focused on trust and credibility, the impact of disclosures on readers' attentional and cognitive load remains underexplored. To address this gap, we conducted a $3\times2\times2$ mixed factorial study manipulating the level of AI-use disclosure detail (none, one-line, detailed), news type (politics, lifestyle), and role of AI (editing, partial content generation), measuring load via NASA-TLX and eye-tracking. Our results reveal a significant attentional cost: one-line disclosures resulted in significantly higher fixation durations and saccade counts, particularly for AI-edited content. Detailed disclosures did not impose additional burden. Drawing on Information-Gap Theory, we argue that brief labels may trigger increased visual scrutiny by alerting readers to AI use without providing enough information. NASA-TLX scores and pupil diameter showed no significant differences across conditions, suggesting that AI-use disclosures do not impose cognitive burden regardless of the detail level. Interview insights contextualize these findings and reveal a strong preference for detailed or ``detail-on-demand'' designs. Our findings inform the design of gaze-informed adaptive disclosure interfaces that dynamically adjust transparency levels based on readers' attentional patterns and news context.
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