arXiv:2605.15055cs.LGcs.CV2026-05被引 18

提出新方法,让扩散模型同时学多个图像生成任务。

DiffusionOPD: A Unified Perspective of On-Policy Distillation in Diffusion Models

论文配图:DiffusionOPD: A Unified Perspective of On-Policy Distillation in Diffusion Models
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用教师模型独立训练后,通过自洽轨迹蒸馏到一个学生模型。
  • 相比传统方法,训练更快且性能更优,多任务效果领先。
  • 适合需要高效多任务训练的扩散模型研究者。

强化学习已成为提升基于扩散的文本到图像模型的强大工具,但现有方法主要局限于单任务优化。将强化学习扩展到多任务面临挑战:联合优化易受跨任务干扰和不平衡影响,而级联强化学习则繁琐且易导致灾难性遗忘。本文提出 DiffusionOPD,一种基于在线策略蒸馏(OPD)的扩散模型多任务训练范式。DiffusionOPD 先独立训练各任务专属的教师模型,再将其能力沿学生自身的轨迹进行蒸馏。该方法解耦了单任务探索与多任务整合,避免从零开始联合优化的负担。理论上,我们将 OPD 框架从离散标记扩展至连续状态马尔可夫过程,推导出闭合形式的每步 KL 目标,通过均值匹配统一随机 SDE 与确定性 ODE 的优化。我们从理论和实证上证明,该解析梯度相比传统 PPO 风格策略梯度具有更低方差和更好泛化性。大量实验表明,DiffusionOPD 在训练效率和最终性能上持续超越多奖励强化学习与级联强化学习基线,在所有评估基准上达到最先进水平。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Reinforcement learning has emerged as a powerful tool for improving diffusion-based text-to-image models, but existing methods are largely limited to single-task optimization. Extending RL to multiple tasks is challenging: joint optimization suffers from cross-task interference and imbalance, while cascade RL is cumbersome and prone to catastrophic forgetting. We propose DiffusionOPD, a new multi-task training paradigm for diffusion models based on Online Policy Distillation (OPD). DiffusionOPD first trains task-specific teachers independently, then distills their capabilities into a unified student along the student own rollout trajectories. This decouples single-task exploration from multi-task integration and avoids the optimization burden of solving all tasks jointly from scratch. Theoretically, we lift the OPD framework from discrete tokens to continuous-state Markov processes, deriving a closed-form per-step KL objective that unifies both stochastic SDE and deterministic ODE refinement via mean-matching. We formally and empirically demonstrate that this analytic gradient provides lower variance and better generality compared to conventional PPO-style policy gradients. Extensive experiments show that DiffusionOPD consistently surpasses both multi-reward RL and cascade RL baselines in training efficiency and final performance, while achieving state-of-the-art results on all evaluated benchmarks.

扩散模型多任务学习强化学习策略蒸馏

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