arXiv:2605.15120cs.ROcs.AI2026-05被引 3

解决自动驾驶端到端规划中训练与评估不匹配的问题。

CLOVER: Closed-Loop Value Estimation and Ranking for End-to-End Autonomous Driving Planning

论文配图:CLOVER: Closed-Loop Value Estimation and Ranking for End-to-End Autonomous Driving Planning
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 生成多样化轨迹,用评分器在推理时动态排序。
  • 在NAVSIM上达到94.5 PDMS和90.4 EPDMS,刷新纪录。
  • 适合需要高可靠性和多样性的自动驾驶规划场景。

端到端自动驾驶规划器通常通过模仿单条记录轨迹进行训练,但评估时使用基于规则的指标衡量安全、可行性、进展和舒适性,导致训练-评估不匹配:接近示范路径的轨迹可能违反规划规则,而偏离示范路径的轨迹反而可能表现良好且得分高。这一问题对候选集选择型规划器尤其严重,其性能依赖于候选集覆盖范围和评分器排序质量。本文提出CLOVER框架,采用轻量级生成器-评分器结构:生成器产生多样化候选轨迹,评分器预测各规划指标子分并排序。为突破单一轨迹模仿的局限,CLOVER构建由评估器过滤的伪专家轨迹,并施加集合级覆盖监督训练生成器;随后执行保守闭环自蒸馏:评分器拟合生成轨迹的真实评估子分,生成器则在稳定性正则化下向教师选择的top-k及向量帕累托目标优化。分析表明,当评分器选择的目标在真实评估器下被丰富且更新保守时,评分器可有效提升生成器。在NAVSIM上,CLOVER取得94.5 PDMS和90.4 EPDMS,达到新基准;在更具挑战性的NavHard数据集上获得48.3 EPDMS,与最强结果持平。在nuScenes开环评估中,其L2误差和碰撞率均低于对比方法。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

End-to-end autonomous driving planners are commonly trained by imitating a single logged trajectory, yet evaluated by rule-based planning metrics that measure safety, feasibility, progress, and comfort. This creates a training--evaluation mismatch: trajectories close to the logged path may violate planning rules, while alternatives farther from the demonstration can remain valid and high-scoring. The mismatch is especially limiting for proposal-selection planners, whose performance depends on candidate-set coverage and scorer ranking quality. We propose CLOVER, a Closed-LOop Value Estimation and Ranking framework for end-to-end autonomous driving planning. CLOVER follows a lightweight generator--scorer formulation: a generator produces diverse candidate trajectories, and a scorer predicts planning-metric sub-scores to rank them at inference time. To expand proposal support beyond single-trajectory imitation, CLOVER constructs evaluator-filtered pseudo-expert trajectories and trains the generator with set-level coverage supervision. It then performs conservative closed-loop self-distillation: the scorer is fitted to true evaluator sub-scores on generated proposals, while the generator is refined toward teacher-selected top-$k$ and vector-Pareto targets with stability regularization. We analyze when an imperfect scorer can improve the generator, showing that scorer-mediated refinement is reliable when scorer-selected targets are enriched under the true evaluator and updates remain conservative. On NAVSIM, CLOVER achieves 94.5 PDMS and 90.4 EPDMS, establishing a new state of the art. On the more challenging NavHard split, it obtains 48.3 EPDMS, matching the strongest reported result. On supplementary nuScenes open-loop evaluation, CLOVER achieves the lowest L2 error and collision rate among compared methods. Code data will be released at https://github.com/WilliamXuanYu/CLOVER.

自动驾驶规划算法闭环训练轨迹生成

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