arXiv:2605.15305cs.GRcs.LG2026-05

用统一Transformer模拟六类物理现象,无需针对每种重写求解器。

WorldParticle: Unified World Simulation of Lagrangian Particle Dynamics via Transformer

论文配图:WorldParticle: Unified World Simulation of Lagrangian Particle Dynamics via Transformer
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于粒子的预测-修正框架,共享拉格朗日表示。
  • 跨六类物理系统泛化,支持新材料与外部力。
  • 层次化超令牌压缩降低计算开销,适合交互控制。

构建一个无需针对不同物理现象重新设计的统一模拟器是模拟科学长期目标。本文提出一种基于单一Transformer架构的学习型粒子模拟器,可建模布料、弹性固体、牛顿流体与非牛顿流体、颗粒物质及分子动力学。模型采用预测-修正设计,在共享拉格朗日粒子表示上运行:显式预测器在已知外力下推进粒子,生成仅反映外驱运动但不包含粒子间相互作用的中间状态;学习型校正器通过三阶段完成残差更新:粒子分词器编码局部粒子-粒子、粒子-边界及拓扑引导的相互作用;超令牌编码器通过交替自注意力与令牌合并,将粒子令牌逐层聚合为紧凑的超令牌集;超令牌解码器通过交叉注意力将超令牌还原至粒子级,预测每个粒子的位置与速度修正量。逐层令牌数量减半,显著降低注意力计算成本,解码阶段通过紧凑超令牌集通信,避免全粒子对注意力。该架构在六类动态系统中实现对未见材料、边界配置、初始条件和外力的泛化能力。进一步验证了下游交互控制、逆向设计及真实世界操作数据学习的能力,大幅减少针对特定现象的求解器工程需求。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

A unified simulator that can model diverse physical phenomena without solver-specific redesign is a long-standing goal across simulation science. We present a learning-based particle simulator built on a single transformer architecture to model cloth, elastic solds, Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, granular materials, and molecular dynamics. Our model follows a prediction-correction design on a shared Lagrangian particle representation. An explicit predictor first advances particles under the known external forces, producing an intermediate state that captures externally driven motion but not inter-particle interactions. A learned corrector then predicts the residual position and velocity updates through three stages: a particle tokenizer that encodes local particle-particle, particle-boundary, and topology-guided interactions; a super-token encoder that hierarchically merges particle tokens into a compact set of super tokens via alternating self-attention and token merging; and a super-token decoder that lifts these super tokens back to particle resolution through cross-attention to predict per-particle position and velocity corrections. Progressive token merging reduces the attention cost at successive encoder layers by halving the token count at each level, and the decoder communicates through the compact super-token set rather than full particle-to-particle attention. Across the six dynamics categories, the same architecture generalizes to unseen materials, boundary configurations, initial conditions, and external forces. We further demonstrate downstream interactive control, inverse design, and learning from real-world manipulation data, reducing the need for per-phenomenon solver engineering.

物理模拟Transformer粒子系统统一建模

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