研究人在有限词汇下如何说话，发现人类更倾向快速选词而非最优选择。
Greedy or not, here I come: Language production under vocabulary constraints in humans and resource-rational models
- 用贪心和全局最优算法对比人类语言生成策略
- 受限词汇下人类多用常见词，且高手会回头修改
- 结果支持资源理性认知理论，对语言学习有启发
在仅使用250个高频词的严格词汇限制下，我们研究人类如何回答各类问题。通过与基于大语言模型的贪心采样和全局最优采样算法进行理论对比，发现人类行为更接近贪心策略，但语言能力更强者更可能回溯修正——表现出非贪心特征。在高约束条件下，人类倾向于依赖语义较弱的词，这一现象也出现在贪心与全局最优采样中。结果为资源理性认知、心理语言学、第二语言交流及语言障碍研究提供了新视角。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Communicating using only a limited vocabulary is a common but challenging cognitive phenomenon, requiring an ideal communicator to plan carefully to optimize for intelligibility while circumventing a constrained lexicon. In this work, we investigate how humans respond to a broad array of questions under variable vocabulary limitations, consisting of only 250 highly frequent words at the most restrictive. We provide theoretically motivated comparisons to greedy and globally optimal sampling algorithms using Sequential Monte Carlo inference with large language models. Humans generally resemble greedy sampling more than globally optimal sampling, though more skilled humans are more likely to backtrack and revise -- a non-greedy behavior. An observed human pattern of leaning on semantically light words in high-constraint settings falls out of both greedy and globally optimal sampling. We discuss the results and their broader implications for resource-rational cognition, psycholinguistics, L2 communication, and language impairments.
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