arXiv:2605.15384cs.LGcs.AI2026-05

现有大模型记忆评估太粗略,这篇提出新框架能细查遗忘和负迁移问题。

Is One Score Enough? Rethinking the Evaluation of Sequentially Evolving LLM Memory

论文配图:Is One Score Enough? Rethinking the Evaluation of Sequentially Evolving LLM Memory
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 设计诊断性评估框架SeqMem-Eval,关注记忆演化过程
  • 发现高最终准确率仍可能伴随严重遗忘和负迁移
  • 适合研究大模型持续学习与记忆机制的学者使用

记忆在大语言模型处理序列任务中起核心作用,通过积累和复用经验实现长期运行。然而,现有评估多依赖最终保留准确率或累积在线性能等综合指标,易掩盖遗忘和负迁移等关键失败模式。本文提出SeqMem-Eval,一种诊断性评估框架,借鉴持续学习思想,针对测试时外部记忆、提示驱动、不更新模型参数的场景。该框架不仅评估最终表现,更关注记忆状态如何演化、泛化、整合经验并保留有效信息,具体测量在线效用、保留泛化能力、反向迁移和遗忘程度,提供更精细的记忆质量视图。在多种任务和记忆方法上的实验表明,更高最终或累积准确率并不等于更好记忆质量:许多方法虽有显著性能提升,却伴随严重遗忘或负迁移。此外,不同记忆设计在适应性与稳定性间存在各异权衡,这些差异在传统评估中无法显现。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Memory plays a central role in enabling large language models (LLMs) to operate over sequential tasks by accumulating and reusing experience over time. However, existing evaluations of LLM memory mostly rely on aggregate metrics such as final hold-out accuracy or cumulative online performance, which can obscure critical failure modes such as forgetting and negative transfer. In this paper, we introduce SeqMem-Eval, a diagnostic evaluation framework for sequentially evolving LLM memory. Drawing inspiration from continual learning, it targets a test-time setting in which memory is external, prompt-mediated, and updated without modifying model parameters. Rather than focusing only on final performance, SeqMem-Eval evaluates how memory states evolve, generalize, consolidate experience, and retain useful information during sequential inference. Specifically, it measures online utility, hold-out generalization, backward transfer, and forgetting, providing a finer-grained view of memory quality. Through extensive experiments across diverse tasks and memory methods, we show that higher final or cumulative accuracy does not necessarily imply better memory quality: many methods exhibit strong performance gains while suffering from substantial forgetting or negative transfer. Moreover, different memory designs exhibit distinct trade-offs between adaptability and stability that remain invisible under standard evaluation metrics.

大模型记忆持续学习评估框架

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