用多项式轨迹替代分步动作,实现毫秒级机器人控制推理。
FLASH: Efficient Visuomotor Policy via Sparse Sampling

- 用稀疏采样拟合专家演示,以连续多项式表示动作轨迹。
- 单次推理仅需31.4毫秒,比扩散模型快175倍,成功率超92%。
- 适合实时机器人控制场景,尤其对低延迟高精度有要求的系统。
生成模型如扩散模型和流匹配已成为视觉运动策略学习的主流方法,但其依赖迭代去噪导致推理延迟过高,难以满足实时机器人控制需求。本文提出快速勒让德多项式动作策略(FLASH Policy),将离散动作块生成替换为连续勒让德多项式轨迹表示。通过在稀疏时间点上拟合专家示范,FLASH可实现单次推理覆盖显著延长的动作时域。为进一步加速生成,FLASH从历史多项式系数而非无信息的高斯噪声开始流匹配过程,缩短了传输距离,实现高精度单步推理。此外,解析多项式微分直接提供扭矩控制器所需的前馈速度信号,避免数值近似。在五个仿真和两个真实世界操作任务上的大量实验表明,FLASH在所有任务中成功率均≥92%,每回合推理时间仅为31.40毫秒(比扩散策略快至多175倍,比先前流匹配策略快18倍),训练收敛速度比ACT快达4倍,控制器跟踪误差相比离散动作基线降低5至7倍。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Generative models such as diffusion and flow matching have become dominant paradigms for visuomotor policy learning, yet their reliance on iterative denoising incurs high inference latency incompatible with real-time robotic control. We present Fast Legendre-polynomial Action policy via Sparse History-anchored flow (FLASH Policy), which replaces discrete action-chunk generation with continuous Legendre polynomial trajectory representation. Specifically, by fitting expert demonstrations under sparse temporal sampling, FLASH enables a single inference to cover a significantly extended action horizon. To further accelerate generation, FLASH initiates the flow matching process from history polynomial coefficients rather than uninformative Gaussian noise, shortening the transport distance and enabling accurate single-step inference. Moreover, analytic polynomial differentiation directly provides desired velocity feed-forward signals to the torque controller without numerical approximation. Extensive experiments on five simulated and two real-world manipulation tasks demonstrate that FLASH achieves state-of-the-art success rates ($\ge 92\%$ across all tasks), a per-episode inference time of $31.40\,ms$ (up to $175\times$ faster than diffusion policies and $18\times$ faster than prior flow matching policies), up to $4\times$ faster training convergence than ACT, and $5\times$ to $7\times$ reduction in controller tracking error compared to discrete-action baselines.
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